The Respiratory System: Structure and Function

Importance of Oxygen

• Oxygen is essential for organs to function and the body to stay alive

Respiratory System Components

• The respiratory system works with the heart to bring oxygen from air to blood to tissues to organs
• Lungs and chest wall play a crucial role in inspirations and expiration of air
• Respiratory accessory muscles stabilize thoracic cavity and enhance ventilation during high oxygen demand

Division of the Respiratory System

• Upper respiratory tract includes the nasopharynx and oropharynx
• Lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

Diaphragm Function

• Diaphragm: a muscle at the base of the lungs, pulls air into airways by creating negative pressure in the chest

Physiology of the Respiratory System

• Gas exchange in lungs takes place in lung tissue between alveoli and capillaries
• Gas exchange involves the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
• Lungs are sponge-like, elastic, cone-shaped organs in the chest cavity

Airways and Defense

• Airways have protective mechanisms against viruses and bacteria

Factors Affecting Respiratory Health

• Older patients are at higher risk of complications due to genetics and environment
• Women have greater bronchial hyperreactivity and larger airways, increasing the risk of rapid lung function decline
• Individuals with dark skin usually show lower oxygen saturation
• Assess their sclera and mucous membranes for paleness and cyanosis