Danny Pincivero's Research Process Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a factor in a study that remains constant?

Hypothesis

Variables

Experimental control (correct)

Conceptual Definition

Which type of hypothesis states what the experimenter thinks will happen?

Variables will be different or related to each other

Deductive hypothesis

Inductive hypothesis

Research study (correct)

What is the principle of parsimony based on?

Making minimum number of assumptions (correct)

Variable relatedness

Evaluating the hypothesis

Consistency with past research

What does a conceptual definition refer to?

Characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Based on what is an inductive hypothesis primarily formed?

Past research Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements in a study that can vary or assume different values?

Variables Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of universal gravitation state about the force between two bodies?

It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the research process according to the text?

Interest and problem identification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a scientific law?

A statement based on repeated experimental observation Signup and view all the answers

What is a good theory required to do, according to the text?

Must make definite predictions about the results of future observations Signup and view all the answers

Which source is recommended for the literature search according to the text?

University library's guide Signup and view all the answers

What does a hypothesis aim to do according to the text?

Test what might happen Signup and view all the answers

What do scientific theories rely more on, compared to laws?

Future observations and predictions Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in developing a research question according to the text?

Self-observation and reflection Signup and view all the answers

What does a good theory accurately describe according to the text?

...a large class of observations, on the basis of a model... Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the belief that general descriptions of personality are highly accurate?

Barnum effect Signup and view all the answers

In research, is the Barnum effect falsifiable or refutable?

Falsifiable Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'independent variable' refer to in experimental design?

A variable manipulated or controlled by the researcher Signup and view all the answers

In a research study testing a new drug for treating psychotic episodes, what does the independent variable represent?

New drug treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the dependent variable in the context of the research study on treating psychotic episodes?

Psychotic episodes Signup and view all the answers

In non-experimental designs, what is the explanatory (or predictor) variable also known as?

Criterion variable Signup and view all the answers

"Where do research participants come from in Canada, according to the text?"

"They must volunteer after understanding relevant information" Signup and view all the answers

"What type of information is NOT measured in amounts in qualitative research?"

"Participant classification" Signup and view all the answers

"What does a number assigned to a measure obtained from a research participant indicate in quantitative research?"

"Amount" Signup and view all the answers

"What must research studies have, according to the text, to apply statistics?"

"Variables" Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Fundamentals

A constant in a study is a factor that remains unchanged.
A directional hypothesis states what the experimenter thinks will happen.
The principle of parsimony is based on simplicity.
A conceptual definition refers to the abstract meaning of a term or concept.
An inductive hypothesis is primarily formed based on observations.

Variables and Design

The elements in a study that can vary or assume different values are called variables.
The independent variable refers to the variable being manipulated or changed by the researcher.
In a research study testing a new drug for treating psychotic episodes, the independent variable represents the new drug.
The dependent variable in the context of the research study on treating psychotic episodes represents the psychotic episodes being treated.
In non-experimental designs, the explanatory (or predictor) variable is also known as the independent variable.

Scientific Theories and Laws

The law of universal gravitation states that every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force acting along the line intersecting both points.
A scientific law is a statement that describes a consistent pattern or relationship between phenomena.
A good theory is required to accurately describe a phenomenon and make testable predictions.
Scientific theories rely more on explanations compared to laws.

Research Process

The first step in the research process is to develop a research question.
Developing a research question involves identifying a problem or issue and formulating a question to address it.
A good theory accurately describes a phenomenon and makes testable predictions.
A hypothesis aims to explain or predict a phenomenon.

Research Methods

In quantitative research, a number assigned to a measure obtained from a research participant indicates the value of the measure.
Research studies must have data in the form of numbers or quantities to apply statistics.
In qualitative research, information is not measured in amounts.

Participant Recruitment

In Canada, research participants can come from anywhere, according to the text.

Other Concepts

The Barnum effect refers to the belief that general descriptions of personality are highly accurate and is not falsifiable or refutable.

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Description

Learn about the research process, including constructing a research study, developing hypotheses, testing them, and evaluating results. Understand where to start with interest and problem identification, as well as conducting a literature search.

The Research Process by Danny M. Pincivero, Ph.D.

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