The Reproductive System Overview
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The Reproductive System Overview

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Questions and Answers

At what week of embryonic development do the gonads begin to form?

  • 6th week
  • 8th week (correct)
  • 4th week
  • 10th week

    • Which of the following describes the stage when embryonic reproductive structures of males and females are alike?

  • Embryonic stage
  • Indifferent stage (correct)
  • Development stage
  • Differentiation stage

    • What hormones do female gonads, or ovaries, primarily produce?

  • Follicle-stimulating hormone
  • Testosterone
  • Estrogen and progesterone (correct)
  • Luteinizing hormone

    • Which term refers to the reproductive cells produced by males?

    <p>Sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from interventions with the normal pattern of sex hormone production in the embryo?

    <p>Strange abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for gonorrhoeae?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious health issues can untreated syphilis potentially lead to?

    <p>Blindness and brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative bacterium of Chancroid?

    <p>Haemophilus ducreyi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herpes simplex virus generally affects the mouth or face?

    <p>HSV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms might occur during the second stage of syphilis?

    <p>Rash and flu-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a pseudohermaphrodite?

    <p>External genitalia inconsistent with gonadal sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition describes undescended testicles?

    <p>Cryptorchidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of phimosis?

    <p>Inability to retract the foreskin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following infections is commonly associated with the male reproductive system?

    <p>Prostatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the end of a woman's reproductive capability?

    <p>Menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a contributor to human sexual behavior?

    <p>Awareness of sexual health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the body are the erogenous zones primarily located?

    <p>Mouth, breasts, genitals, anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a sexually transmitted microorganism?

    <p>Syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of behavior involves only one individual?

    <p>Self-gratification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sexuality is most commonly accepted within modern Western society compared to Filipino society?

    <p>Premarital Sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physiological response characterized by an increase in pulse and blood pressure during the excitement phase?

    <p>Rapid Breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is believed to be responsible for regulating the sexual response?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a psychological problem affecting sexual health?

    <p>Ejaculatory Impotence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sexually transmitted disease is primarily caused by a virus that attacks the immune system?

    <p>AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the least common types of sexual problems?

    <p>Physiological Problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of Chlamydia?

    <p>Genital Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sexual behavior is often condemned due to social norms?

    <p>Extramarital Sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about good sexual performance as held by society?

    <p>It must involve rapid erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sexual abstinence involves avoiding all intimate genital contact?

    <p>Complete Abstinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health complication can arise from sexually transmitted diseases?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is commonly used to manage HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Antiretroviral Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a defining characteristic of the plateau phase in human sexual response?

    <p>Increased Sexual Arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for taking antiviral medication for herpes simplex?

    <p>To prevent the virus from multiplying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of HPV is most commonly linked to cancer development?

    <p>High-risk HPV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is classified as a natural method of contraception?

    <p>Calendar Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Basal Body Temperature method indicate ovulation?

    <p>By observing a slight temperature decrease followed by an increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hormonal injections in contraception?

    <p>To suppress ovulation and alter cervical mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of the Coitus Interruptus method?

    <p>Possibility of sperm in pre-ejaculation fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a diaphragm in contraception?

    <p>To inhibit sperm entry into the female reproductive organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of high-risk forms of HPV?

    <p>They often remain asymptomatic until serious complications arise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artificial contraceptive method is commonly administered via skin application?

    <p>Transdermal Patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of spermicides in contraception?

    <p>To kill sperm before they can enter the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a surgical method for male contraception?

    <p>Vasectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes genital warts caused by HPV?

    <p>Rough, cauliflower-like lumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can subdermal implants be effective for contraception?

    <p>3-5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cervical mucus method in tracking ovulation?

    <p>It tracks changes in the quality of mucus surrounding the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Reproductive System

    • Gonads develop during the 8th week of embryonic development.
    • Gonads are reproductive glands that produce hormones.
      • Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone.
      • Testicles produce testosterone.
    • Gametes are reproductive cells.
    • During early development, male and female reproductive structures are similar (indifferent stage).
    • Abnormal sex hormone production leads to unusual abnormalities.
      • Pseudohermaphrodites: External genitalia mismatch gonadal sex.
      • Hermaphrodites: Have both male and female reproductive organs.
    • Cryptorchidism: Undescended testicle.
    • Phimosis: Inability to retract foreskin.
    • Puberty: Reproductive organs mature and become functional (around ages 10-15).
      • Males: Increased organ size, pubic, axillary, and facial hair growth.
      • Females: Breast development, menarche (first menstrual period).

    Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System

    • Infections: Common adult reproductive problems.
      • Vaginal Infections: E. coli bacteria, sexually transmitted microorganisms (syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes), yeast.
      • Male Infections: Prostatitis (prostate gland), urethritis (urethra), epididymitis (epididymis), orchiditis (testes).
    • Neoplasms: Abnormal tissue growth, a major threat.
      • Tumors: Breast and cervix (females), prostate (males).
    • Menopause: End of menstrual cycles in women.

    Human Sexual Behavior

    • Any activity that induces sexual arousal.
    • Two major factors:
      • Inherited sexual response patterns.
      • Societal influences.
    • Types:
      • Solitary Behavior: Involving one individual.
      • Sociosexual Behavior: Involving more than one person.
        • Heterosexual Behavior: Most common: male and female.
        • Premarital Sex: Sexual intercourse outside of marriage.
        • Marital Sex: Considered obligatory.
        • Extramarital Sex: Generally condemned.
        • Postmarital Sex: Sexual intercourse by separated or widowed persons.
        • Sexual Abstinence: Avoiding intimate genital contact.

    Physiology of Human Sexual Response

    • Four Stages:
      • Excitement Phase: Increased heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, flushing, genital swelling.
      • Plateau Phase: Increased breathing, genital fluid secretion, muscle tension, vaginal expansion.
      • Sexual Climax: Intense pleasure, rapid pulse and blood pressure, involuntary muscle spasms, ejaculation in males.
      • Resolution Phase: Return to normal physiological state.

    Nervous System Factors

    • Autonomic Nervous System: Regulates involuntary processes, including sexual arousal.
    • Hypothalamus and limbic system: Parts of the brain involved in sexual response regulation.

    Sexual Problems

    • Physiological: Least common, often involve abnormal development or neurophysiology.
      • Treatable with medication or surgery.
    • Psychological: Most common, caused by social inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes, ignorance, and myths.
      • May include premature ejaculation, erectile impotence, ejaculatory impotence, and vaginismus.
    • Social: Affected by social and cultural norms.

    Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

    • Infections transmitted through sexual contact.
    • Causes: Bacteria, viruses, parasites.
    • Include: Gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus infection (HPV), HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, syphilis.
    • Health Complications: Pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, perinatal infections.

    HIV/AIDS

    • Leading STD worldwide.
    • Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
    • Attacks the immune system.
    • Transmitted through body fluids: blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk.
    • No cure, but antiretroviral therapy can control it.

    Other STDs

    • Chlamydia: Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria.
      • Often asymptomatic.
      • Treatable with antibiotics.
    • Gonorrhea: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria.
      • Also often asymptomatic.
      • Treatable with antibiotics.
    • Syphilis: Caused by bacteria.
      • Untreated syphilis can lead to serious health problems.
      • Treatable with antibiotics.
    • Chancroid: Bacterial infection by Haemophilus ducreyi.
      • Causes sores or ulcers.
      • Treatable with antibiotics.
    • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Causes skin infections.
      • HSV-1 (oral herpes): Causes cold sores, spread through saliva.
      • HSV-2 (genital herpes): Spreads through genital contact.
      • No cure, but antiviral medication manages symptoms.
    • Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Causes genital warts and can lead to cancer.
      • Treatments remove warts and abnormal cells, but not the virus itself.
    • Trichomonas Vaginalis: Caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
      • Often asymptomatic.
      • Treated with antibiotics.

    Natural and Artificial Methods of Contraception

    • Natural Methods: Avoid any chemical or foreign introduction.
      • Abstinence: Refrain from sexual intercourse.
      • Calendar Method: Withholding intercourse during fertile periods.
      • Basal Body Temperature (BBT): Track temperature changes to predict ovulation.
      • Cervical Mucus Method: Monitor cervical mucus changes to determine fertile period.
      • Symptothermal Method: Combines BBT and cervical mucus methods.
      • Ovulation Detection: Urine test kits detect LH surge.
      • Coitus Interruptus: Withdrawal method.
      • Lactational Amenorrhea Method: Breastfeeding can suppress ovulation.
    • Artificial Methods: Use barriers, devices, drugs, or other techniques to reduce pregnancy risk.
      • Hormonal Methods:
        • Oral Contraceptives ("The pill"): Synthetic estrogen and progesterone suppress ovulation.
        • Transdermal Patch: Releases hormones through skin.
        • Vaginal Ring: Releasing estrogen and progesterone.
        • Subdermal Implants: Rod-like implants beneath the skin.
        • Hormonal Injections: Longer-lasting hormonal delivery.
      • Barrier Methods:
        • Intrauterine Device (IUD): T-shaped device inserted into the uterus.
        • Chemical Barriers: Spermicides, gels, creams.
        • Diaphragm: Rubber disk fitted over cervix.
        • Cervical Cap: Soft rubber cap fitted over cervix.
        • Male Condoms: Latex sheath worn on penis.
        • Female Condoms: Latex sheath inserted into vagina.
      • Surgical Methods:
        • Vasectomy (for males): Vas deferens is cut or blocked to prevent sperm transport.
        • Tubal Ligation (for females): Fallopian tubes are cut or blocked to prevent sperm-egg meeting.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the development and functions of the reproductive system, including the roles of gonads, hormones, and gametes. It also discusses various conditions related to reproductive health and the physiological changes during puberty. Test your knowledge on abnormal conditions and normal developmental milestones of the reproductive system.

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