30 Questions
Which theory emphasizes the importance of physical attractiveness, similarity, smooth interactions, and expectancy of liking in interpersonal relationships?
Relational models theory
What concept suggests that people are more likely to like others who are physically attractive and have similar interests and characteristics?
Halo effect
Which factor in interpersonal relationships refers to the physical, demographic, and personality characteristics that individuals share?
Physical attractiveness
What concept suggests that people's expectations of others' liking for them may influence their behavior to elicit the expected response?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Which type of relationship is characterized by a focus on market pricing, equality matching, authority ranking, and communal sharing?
Exchange and communal relationships
What concept refers to the phenomenon where people's initial positive impression of someone influences their overall opinion of that person?
Halo effect
Which factor in interpersonal relationships is related to the idea that people are more likely to like others who are physically attractive?
Beauty is more than skin deep
What concept refers to the tendency for people to anticipate interaction and develop a liking for those they expect to meet often?
Propinquity
Which theory emphasizes the importance of market pricing, equality matching, authority ranking, and communal sharing in relationships?
Exchange and communal relationships
What concept refers to the idea that people are more likely to like others who have similar interests, demographic, and physical characteristics?
Similarity
What is a key factor in determining the sex of a face, as explained in the text?
Contrast
Which theory suggests that physiological arousal can be transferred to intensify unrelated emotional reactions?
Excitation transfer theory
What is the BMI range for being considered underweight?
Below 18.5
What type of relationship is affected by functional distance and availability?
Propinquity
Which facial feature was found to be more attractive than individual faces in the study by Rhodes, Sumich, & Byatt (1999)?
Average-ness
What is the key cue for determining the sex of a face, according to the illusion presented in the text?
Contrast
Which type of relationship is associated with the consequences of physical attractiveness, as mentioned in the text?
Communal vs. exchange
What is the key factor in determining the attractiveness of average facial configuration, as mentioned in the text?
Average-ness
Which theory suggests that physiological arousal can be misattributed to intensify reactions towards others?
Excitation transfer theory
What type of attractiveness is associated with the belief validation and smooth interactions, as mentioned in the text?
Physical attractiveness
What did Festinger, Schachter, and Back's 1950 Westwood West Study measure using a sociometric survey?
The propinquity effect
What impact does proximity have on relationships, according to the provided information?
It encourages passive contacts and leads to increased liking
What is the consequence of repeated exposure, as supported by Zajonc's 1968 study?
Greater liking
How does physical attractiveness influence the type of relationships formed?
By impacting communal and exchange relationships through similarity in interests, demographics, and physical and personality characteristics
What are the consequences of physical attractiveness, as mentioned in the text?
The halo effect and self-fulfilling prophecy
What is the relationship between attractiveness and success in both adults and children?
Attractiveness is strongly related to popularity and success
What does the meta-analysis of effective reliability coefficients reveal about evaluating attractiveness?
High levels of agreement when evaluating the attractiveness of adults and children
What is the impact of attractiveness on evaluations of competence, attention, reward, and interactions?
Attractiveness affects evaluations of competence, attention, reward, and interactions
What does the propinquity effect impact, according to the provided information?
The likelihood of forming relationships
What did the Westwood West Study find about residents in specific rooms?
They were more likely to be friends
Study Notes
Interpersonal Relationships and Physical Attractiveness
- The propinquity effect, influenced by factors such as functional distance and availability, impacts the likelihood of forming relationships.
- Festinger, Schachter, and Back's 1950 Westwood West Study used a sociometric survey to measure propinquity, finding that residents in specific rooms were more likely to be friends.
- Proximity encourages passive contacts and anticipating interaction with someone leads to increased liking due to cognitive dissonance pressures.
- The mere exposure effect, supported by Zajonc's 1968 study, shows that repeated exposure leads to greater liking.
- There are limits to the mere exposure effect, such as pre-existing conflicts getting intensified with exposure.
- Physical attractiveness influences the type of relationships formed, with communal and exchange relationships being impacted by similarity in interests, demographics, and physical and personality characteristics.
- The halo effect and self-fulfilling prophecy are consequences of physical attractiveness, influencing people's judgment and treatment of others.
- Contrary to the belief that beauty is only skin-deep, attractiveness is strongly related to popularity and success in both adults and children.
- Attractiveness is moderately related to intelligence/performance and adjustment in children, and to dating and sexual experience in adults.
- Attractive individuals are treated significantly more favorably, with attractiveness affecting evaluations of competence, attention, reward, and interactions.
- Judges show high and significant levels of agreement when evaluating the attractiveness of others, indicating that beauty is not solely in the eye of the beholder.
- The meta-analysis of effective reliability coefficients revealed high levels of agreement when evaluating the attractiveness of adults and children.
Test your knowledge of interpersonal relationships and physical attractiveness with this quiz. Explore the propinquity effect, mere exposure effect, and the impact of physical attractiveness on relationships and success. Find out how attractiveness influences judgments and treatment of others, and its correlation with intelligence, adjustment, and dating experience.
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