The Psychology of Dental Phobia 2

Psychiatric Illness and Substance Abuse

• The age group with the highest percentage of individuals diagnosed with psychiatric illness is not specified.
• 40% of individuals with a primary psychiatric diagnosis also meet criteria for a substance use disorder.

Schizophrenia and Comorbidity

• Comorbidity commonly associated with schizophrenia is substance use disorder.

Global Disability and Depression

• The second leading cause of disability worldwide is depression.
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used to treat depression and are associated with xerostomia.

Mental Health in the US

• 46% of Americans ages 18 and older suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.
• The most common reason reported by adults for not receiving mental health services in the past year is not having enough time or being too busy.
• 50% of adults will experience mental illness in their lifetime.

Psychiatric Disorders and Prevalence

• The psychiatric disorder with the lowest prevalence rate is not specified.

Dental Phobia and Risk Factors

• Fear of pain is a risk factor for dental phobia.

Lethal Psychiatric Disorders and Death

• Anorexia nervosa is the most lethal psychiatric disorder.
• The leading cause of death in people with psychiatric illness is suicide.

Substance Abuse and Dental Health

• Methamphetamine is associated with dental erosion and dry mouth.
• Signs of substance misuse during a dental exam include dental erosion and dry mouth.

Managing Fearful Dental Patients

• A recommended approach when working with fearful dental patients is reassurance.
• The importance of reassurance for anxious dental patients is that it helps reduce anxiety.
• Inadequate pain control can cause anxiety and stress in dental patients.
• The recommended approach when a patient complains of pain is to assess and address the pain promptly.
• Techniques effective for managing dental patient anxiety include relaxation, distraction, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Personality Disorders and Cluster A

• A common feature of Personality Disorders in Cluster A is suspiciousness and mistrust.

Suicide Risk Factors and Head and Neck Cancers

• History of depression is a risk factor associated with suicide in patients with head and neck cancers.

Depression in Dental Practice

• A common presentation of depression in dental practice is symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder.

Antipsychotics and Tardive Dyskinesia

• First-generation antipsychotics carry a higher risk for tardive dyskinesia with long-term use.
• Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia include involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, and face.

Dependent Clingers and Personality Disorders

• Dependent Clingers are characterized by a lack of self-confidence and excessive need for reassurance.

Personality Style and Personality Disorder

• The difference between Personality Style and Personality Disorder is that Personality Style is an adaptive pattern of coping, while Personality Disorder is a maladaptive pattern of coping.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

• The type of patient described as arrogant, demanding, and devaluing others is a Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

Transference and Countertransference

• The term for the unconscious aspects of emotional relationships with early caregivers that are re-experienced with or transferred onto the physician is transference.
• The term for the unconscious feelings experienced by the physician in working with the patient is countertransference.