T3 L5: Psychobiology of Emotion (HC)

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According to Aristotle, the brain is responsible for which of the following?

Distinguishing between good and bad

According to Darwin, where does emotion originate from?

Both B and C

Which of the following is NOT one of the primal emotions proposed by Jaak Panksepp?

Tenderness

Which brain region is responsible for the feeling of loneliness and sadness?

<p>Supragenual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the amygdala in fear reactions?

<p>It mediates bodily arousal response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region supports the integration of internal and external information for interoceptive feeling states?

<p>Insula cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex?

<p>Relative reward</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes emotions according to the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates emotions according to the autonomic nervous system activity?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in the brain?

<p>Reward and learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of depression?

<p>Low self-confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is associated with episodes of depression and elation?

<p>Bipolar disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and change intolerance?

<p>Autism Spectrum Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with triggering risk factors of ischemic stroke?

<p>Variant connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sickness behaviors associated with?

<p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of fatigue to treatment with biologics and interferon?

<p>It is a side effect of the treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What brain system is involved in the circuitry of fear?

<p>Brainstem to cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the model of emotions across cultures based on?

<p>Interoceptive neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

What resources can be used to learn about fear circuitry?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolutionary imperative of emotions?

<p>Relevance to physical health and illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of emotions?

<p>Characterized by attention to the evoking stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe enduring colored belief predispositions to others or objects?

<p>Attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of emotion according to the text?

<p>Operant learning &amp; Pavlovian conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the emotion triad mentioned in the text?

<p>Experiential feelings, physiological responses, behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the difficulty in identifying and describing one's own emotions?

<p>Alexithymia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the biased coloring of interaction with others based on emotions?

<p>Interpersonal stance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the enduring behavioral style and tendencies of an individual?

<p>Personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of mood mentioned in the text?

<p>Cheerful, gloomy, irritable, listless</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of affective responses mentioned in the text?

<p>Anger, sadness, joy, fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the biased belief predispositions to others or objects?

<p>Attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the inability to recognize and describe one's own emotional states?

<p>Alexa phobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the rapid switching between different emotional states for minor triggers?

<p>Emotional lability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of depression?

<p>Emotional instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for the feeling of loneliness and sadness?

<p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory posits that emotional feelings are the brain's interpretation of bodily arousal states?

<p>James Lang theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the James Lang theory of emotion?

<p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that emotions have evolved for perceptive evolutionary reasons and are supported by different brain systems?

<p>Zoned theories of emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, where did emotional sensations originate from?

<p>The heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is considered the main limbic area responsible for emotional learning and reward-related processing?

<p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the brain's reward system that is hijacked by drugs that become habit forming?

<p>Limbic pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is involved in mapping internal bodily changes and is responsible for conscious readouts of internal bodily states?

<p>Insula cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the brain's ability to generate automatic responses to emotive stimuli without conscious awareness?

<p>Fast pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist proposed the idea that the body is an essential part of emotional experience?

<p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model of emotion proposed a two-stage process where emotions are triggered and intensified by changes in the body state?

<p>Circumflex model</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which researcher traveled the world showing different people from different countries facial expressions to support the notion of basic emotions?

<p>Paul Ekman</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for the feeling of loneliness and sadness?

<p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reward pathway in the brain?

<p>The ventral striatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for certain types of emotion, as shown in studies with cats?

<p>The hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the brain stem in emotional processing?

<p>Responsible for physiological changes and control of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the midbrain in emotional processing?

<p>Projects dopaminergic signals to the ventral striatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are emotions?

<p>Brief, evoked transient valence episodes that allow reallocation of attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between emotions and mood?

<p>Emotions are more sustained emotional states while mood is transient</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of affective behavior in social interactions?

<p>Affective behavior represents your warmth or distance from social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant model of emotion within medicine and psychiatry?

<p>The model based on Western tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is implicated in both the cognitive control of emotional states and the generation of physiological changes accompanying emotional behaviors?

<p>Anterior cingulate cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is abnormal in many studies of depressed people in terms of its activity?

<p>Medial prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is associated with emotional arousal and attention, as well as driving physiological activation and parasympathetic withdrawal?

<p>Anterior cingulate cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is implicated in a number of things, including the cognitive control of emotional states and the generation of physiological changes accompanying emotional behaviors?

<p>Anterior cingulate cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is mentioned as being abnormal in many studies of depressed individuals?

<p>Medial prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for emotional arousal, attention, physiological activation, and parasympathetic withdrawal?

<p>Anterior cingulate cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

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