The Protestant Reformation Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

When was the Protestant Reformation?

1517

What was the Protestant Reformation?

A schism between loyalist members of the Catholic Church and those who believed differently.

What technological invention allowed the Protestant Reformation to spread rapidly?

The printing press

What were some objections people had against the Catholic Church? (Select all that apply)

Not allowing priests to marry Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first main Protestant reformer, and where was he?

Martin Luther, in the German states Signup and view all the answers

What did Martin Luther's brand of Reformation (Lutheranism) preach?

Saved by Faith Alone, selling indulgences is terrible, and the Pope is a false leader. Signup and view all the answers

After Luther spread the Reformation to the German states, where did it spread next?

Switzerland Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Reformation in Switzerland?

Huldrich Zwingli Signup and view all the answers

What was the Swiss Reformation like?

Similar to Lutheranism, but saw the Mass as only a symbol. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Pope react to the Reformation?

He excommunicated Luther and denounced it. Signup and view all the answers

After the Swiss and German reformations, who was next?

John Calvin Signup and view all the answers

Where did Calvin preach and spread his reformation?

Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany Signup and view all the answers

Calvinism was centered in the city of ________.

Geneva Signup and view all the answers

Calvinism sent ______ to cities across Europe.

Missionaries Signup and view all the answers

Calvinism created this sect of French Protestants called ________.

Huguenots Signup and view all the answers

Calvinism supported this leader to convert Scotland to Protestantism.

John Knox in 1560 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following doctrines to their descriptions in Calvinism:

Man is full of sin and unable to save himself = Doctrine of Total Depravity Unconditional election = God chose who would be saved long ago Jesus only died for those chosen = Limited Atonement Irresistible Grace = When God chooses someone, they will be good No one can leave the ranks of the 'chosen' = Perseverance of the Saints Material riches are a sign that God has chosen you = Doctrine of Prosperity Signup and view all the answers

How did the Reformation affect Scandinavia?

They adopted Lutheranism in the 1500s. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Reformation play out in England?

Henry VIII created the Anglican Church after the Pope refused to annul his marriage. Signup and view all the answers

What happened after the Protestants took power in England?

Puritans wanted more reforms and fled to America for religious freedom. Signup and view all the answers

The Protestant Reformation concluded with which continent-wide war?

The Thirty Years' War Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of the Protestant Reformation

Initiated in 1517 with Martin Luther's 95 Theses in Wittenburg, Germany.
Concluded with the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) and the Peace of Westphalia, influencing Europe until 1945.

Definition and Impact

A schism between the Catholic Church and reform-minded Christians known as Protestants, advocating for change against tradition.
Protestants emerged as progressive figures challenging the established Church doctrine.

Technological Influence

The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439, facilitated rapid spread of Reformation ideas.

Criticisms of the Catholic Church

Sale of indulgences, perceived as exploitation for heaven access.
Church-led military campaigns in the Middle East causing suffering.
Use of Latin in mass, alienating non-Latin speakers.
Prohibition of priestly marriage.

Key Figures of the Reformation

Martin Luther emerged as the first main Protestant reformer in the German states.
- Authored critical views against the sale of indulgences and advocated for salvation through faith alone.
- Declared the Pope a false leader and rejected the doctrine of transubstantiation.

Expansion of Reformation Ideas

Following Germany, Reformation principles spread to Switzerland led by Huldrych Zwingli, who viewed the Mass as purely symbolic.
John Calvin became a significant reformer in Switzerland and beyond, promoting Calvinism.

Calvinism Tenets

Covenant of unconditional election where God predetermines salvation.
Emphasis on innate human sinfulness and God's irresistible grace.
Wealth is construed as an indicator of being chosen by God.
Produced French Protestants known as Huguenots and influenced Scotland through John Knox in 1560.

Influence in Scandinavia and England

Scandinavia adopted Lutheranism in the 1500s as its dominant faith.
In England, Henry VIII's desire for divorce led to the formation of his own Church, ultimately creating Anglicanism after a brief return to Catholicism under Bloody Mary.

English Protestants and the New World

Puritans sought to reform Anglicanism and fled to Holland for freedom, eventually migrating to America as Pilgrims in 1620.

Conclusion of the Reformation

The Thirty Years War marked the end of this period, resulting in significant loss and political restructuring in Europe due to religious conflicts.

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Test your knowledge about the Protestant Reformation with these flashcards. Learn key dates and definitions related to this pivotal movement in European history. Perfect for students and history enthusiasts alike!