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Martin Luther's Reformation

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Questions and Answers

According to Luther, Anfechtungen is a feeling of joy and happiness.

False

Gabriel Beale was a 16th century theologian.

False

Nominalism was one of the traditions that Gabriel Beale belonged to.

True

Voluntarism argues that God's intellect is more important than God's will.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to voluntarism, something is good because God wills it to be good.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Martin Luther was a theologian in the tradition of Augustine.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anfechtungen is a feeling closely related to whether God would pardon Luther because of his sin.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gabriel Beale wrote a major work called The Canon of the Bible.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, the substance of an object is known through its accidents.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Church used the distinction between substance and accidents in a way that Aristotle would have approved.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The priest celebrating the mass only symbolically represents Christ.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Church's doctrine of transubstantiation states that the bread and wine are replaced by Christ's body and blood.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Martin Luther's views on the Eucharist were similar to the Church's doctrine of transubstantiation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Reformation was a movement that sought to reform the Church from within.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Christian pastoral care emphasizes the importance of the priest's role in the Eucharist.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between the Church and state is one of separation and distinct spheres of influence.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Martin Luther was never disappointed by the corruption of the Roman court.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Luther, Protestantism was morally superior to Catholicism.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luther's primary concern was the corruption of the Roman court.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luther wrote about the corruption of the Roman court in his later writings.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Reformation was primarily a response to the corruption of the Roman court.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carter Lindbergh's book 'The European Reformations' is recommended for its biased view of the Reformation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luther's visit to Rome in 1510 had no impact on his later thought.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Reformation divided neatly into Protestants who hated corruption and Catholics who did not mind it.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Augustinian order is a prestigious order.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newton's laws of gravity are 100% true.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Augustine's theology was only influential to Catholics.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The book 'Strangers in a Strange Land' is only suitable for Catholic readers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Augustine is the most important theologian since the Apostle Paul.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Reformation was a debate solely about the interpretation of Augustine's theology.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Archbishop Charles Chaput's book 'Strangers in a Strange Land' is not relevant to Protestant readers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Augustine's concept of the city of God is not relevant to the relationship between religious bodies and the state.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luther's medieval education will prevent him from questioning the theology of Augustine.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luther's father was pleased with his decision to join the Augustinian order.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luther was ordained as a priest in 1505.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luther's role as a parish priest will not influence his theological thinking.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The indulgence controversy will not be related to Luther's experience as a parish priest.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luther's study of Augustine's theology will not lead to the Reformation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systematic theologians tend to study theology in a practical and realistic way.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luther's membership in the Augustinian order will not influence his theological development.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Luther's Experiences and Theological Development

  • Luther's trip to Rome in 1510 leaves a lasting impression on him, particularly the corruption of the Roman court, which he writes about later
  • Luther's criticism of the Roman Catholic Church is not unique; many Catholics were also unhappy with the corruption, but they didn't break away from the Church
  • Protestantism is not immune to corruption; it's essential to acknowledge that corruption can exist in any religious institution

Substance and Accidents

  • The Church uses an Aristotelian distinction between substance and accidents in a non-Aristotelian way
  • For Aristotle, accidents (e.g., a lectern's appearance, feel, and taste) reveal the underlying substance (e.g., the wood that makes up the lectern)
  • The Church applies this distinction to the Eucharist, claiming that the substance of bread and wine changes into the body and blood of Christ

Luther's Theological Development

  • Luther learns his theology in the tradition of Gabriel Biel, a 15th-century theologian
  • Biel's work, "The Canon of the Mass," is a significant influence on Luther's thinking
  • Luther is part of the Augustinian order, but it's not particularly Augustinian; instead, he becomes part of a group at Wittenberg committed to studying Augustine's theology

Voluntarism and Nominalism

  • Voluntarism argues that God's will takes precedence over God's intellect when discussing God's nature
  • This debate revolves around whether something is good because God wills it or God wills it because it is good
  • Nominalism is another significant influence on Luther's thought, but it's not explored in detail here

Luther's Life and Ministry

  • Luther joins the Augustinian order in 1505, which upsets his father
  • He is ordained in 1507 and becomes a parish priest, taking confessions and helping people
  • Luther's experience as a pastor shapes his theology and reactions, making him more than just a university professor or monk

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