189 Questions
Which type of amino acids cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by the diet?
Indispensable/Essential Amino Acids
What type of bond forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of an adjacent amino acid in protein structure?
Peptide bond
What is the term for a molecule composed of 10 or more amino acids and many peptide bonds?
Polypeptide
Which level of protein structure is determined by the orientation of secondary structure through disulfide bridges?
Tertiary
Which environmental factors can alter the structure of a protein?
all of the above
What is the effect of mutation on protein structure?
It alters all levels of protein structure
Which function of proteins involves the production of enzymes, hormones, and carriers?
Formation of essential compounds
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
Energy production
What is the primary role of antibodies?
To bind to antigens and eliminate them
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of inadequate protein intake?
Increased production of glycoalkaloids in potatoes
Which hormones increase the rate of protein synthesis?
Insulin and growth hormone
Which of the following is a fate of the amino group (NH3) during protein metabolism?
Urea production
What is the main function of keto acids during protein metabolism?
Energy production
Which of the following factors affects protein use?
All of the above
What happens to excess urea in the blood?
It is filtered by the kidneys
Which of the following statements about amino acids is true?
Excess protein intake has no connection to cardiovascular disease
What is homocysteine?
A type of amino acid
What is the connection between protein intake and osteoporosis?
Protein intake increases calcium excretion
What is the most widespread nutrition problem in the world?
Protein-energy malnutrition
Which of the following conditions can lead to negative nitrogen balance?
Severe energy deficiency
Which of the following is a characteristic of a complete protein?
Contains all 9 essential amino acids
Which amino acid is most likely to be limiting in an incomplete protein?
Lysine
What is the measure of the relationship between nitrogen intake and nitrogen loss?
Nitrogen balance
Which of the following is true about the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein?
The RDA for protein may not be the optimal protein intake for older adults.
What is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 150 lbs woman according to the text?
55 g/day
Which of the following is associated with protein intake above 35% of total energy intake?
Increased risk of obesity
What is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight for power/strength athletes according to the text?
2.0 g/kg
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dispensable/non-essential amino acids?
They must be supplied by the diet
Which of the following is a characteristic of polypeptides?
They have a total of 10 or more amino acid residues
What is the term for a molecule composed of 2 amino acid residues?
Dipeptide
Which of the following factors can lead to denaturation of proteins?
All of the above
Which of the following is an example of a mutation that can alter the structure of a protein?
Alterations in base sequence of genes
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
Buffering
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate protein intake?
Increased risk of osteoporosis
Which of the following is the primary factor affecting protein use?
Dietary intake
According to the text, what is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 150 lbs woman?
55 g/day
Which of the following conditions can lead to negative nitrogen balance?
Starvation
Which of the following environmental factors can alter the structure of a protein?
Temperature
Which of the following conditions can lead to a negative nitrogen balance?
Severe energy deficiency
What is the measure of the relationship between nitrogen intake and nitrogen loss?
Nitrogen balance
What is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 150 lbs woman according to the text?
82 grams
Which of the following factors affects protein use?
Physical trauma
Which of the following compounds is produced when Acetyl CoA levels become elevated?
Ketone bodies
What happens to excess urea in the blood?
It is excreted by the kidneys
Which of the following factors can affect protein use?
All of the above
What is the primary role of the liver in protein metabolism?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
Energy production
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate protein intake mentioned in the text?
Fluid retention and edema
Which of the following is a fate of the amino group (NH3) during protein metabolism?
Conversion to urea and excretion in urine
Which of the following is a characteristic of a complete protein?
Contains all essential amino acids in adequate amounts
Which of the following is a potential consequence of excess protein intake?
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
What is the primary role of homocysteine in the body?
It is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease
What is the connection between protein intake and calcium loss in the body?
High protein intake leads to increased calcium excretion
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of inadequate protein intake?
Increased risk of osteoporosis
Which of the following is true about the structure of amino acids?
Amino acids contain an amino group (NH3+), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a side chain.
Which of the following is an example of a conditionally indispensable amino acid?
Cysteine
What is the primary function of peptide bonds in protein structure?
To join amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
Source of Energy and Glucose
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate protein intake?
Increased risk of infection
Which of the following is true about the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein?
It varies depending on age, sex, and activity level
Which type of amino acids cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by the diet?
Essential amino acids
Which of the following is a consequence of denaturation of proteins?
Loss of tertiary structure
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can lead to denaturation of proteins?
Changes in protein sequence
Which of the following is the primary factor affecting protein turnover in the body?
Dietary protein intake
Which of the following is the main function of tryptophan in the body?
Precursor to niacin
Which of the following is a fate of the amino group (NH3) during protein metabolism?
Production of urea
What is the primary role of the liver in protein metabolism?
Production of urea
What is the main function of keto acids during protein metabolism?
Energy production
Which of the following conditions can lead to negative nitrogen balance?
Low energy intake
Which of the following is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 125 lbs woman according to the text?
45 g/day
What is the primary factor affecting protein use?
Physical activity level
What is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight for power/strength athletes according to the text?
1.2 - 1.7 g/kg
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of inadequate protein intake mentioned in the text?
Obesity
Which of the following is a potential consequence of excess protein intake mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of obesity
What is the primary role of antibodies?
To fight against foreign substances in the body
Which of the following is a characteristic of polypeptides?
They have a three-dimensional structure
What is the connection between protein intake and osteoporosis?
High protein intake increases the risk of osteoporosis
Which of the following conditions can lead to a positive nitrogen balance?
Infection
What is the formula to calculate nitrogen balance for an individual?
NB = 24 hour protein intake (grams)/6.25 + 4 g
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of negative nitrogen balance?
Increased protein intake
Which of the following is a characteristic of a complete protein?
Contains all 9 essential amino acids
Which of the following is the primary function of peptide bonds in protein structure?
To join the amino group of one AA to the carboxyl group of another AA
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polypeptides?
They determine the function of the protein
Which of the following is an example of a conditionally indispensable amino acid?
Tyrosine
Which of the following factors can lead to denaturation of proteins?
All of the above
Which of the following is a consequence of negative nitrogen balance?
Decreased muscle mass
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
Energy storage
Which of the following is the main function of tryptophan in the body?
Precursor to niacin
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
Producing energy
Which of the following conditions can lead to negative nitrogen balance?
Starvation
What is the main function of antibodies in the body?
Defending against infections
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate protein intake mentioned in the text?
Fluid retention and edema
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate protein intake mentioned in the text?
Decreased synthesis of liver proteins
What is the primary role of the liver in protein metabolism?
Synthesis of liver proteins
Which of the following factors can affect protein use?
Amino acid pattern
What is the primary function of peptide bonds in protein structure?
Linking amino acids together
Which of the following conditions can lead to a negative nitrogen balance?
Severe energy deficiency
What is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 150 lbs woman according to the text?
65 grams
What is the primary function of peptide bonds in protein structure?
To link amino acids
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate protein intake?
Muscle wasting
Which of the following is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 150 lbs woman according to the text?
55 g/day
What is the primary factor affecting protein use?
Dietary intake
What is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight for power/strength athletes according to the text?
1.2 - 1.7 g/kg
What is the connection between protein intake and osteoporosis?
Higher protein intake increases the risk of osteoporosis
Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of excess protein intake mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of osteoporosis
What is the primary role of homocysteine in the body?
It is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Which of the following is a potential consequence of inadequate protein intake mentioned in the text?
Protein-energy malnutrition
What is the primary function of antibodies?
Defense against foreign substances in the body
Which of the following factors can lead to denaturation of proteins?
Emotional stress
What is the primary fate of keto acids after deamination?
Conversion to fat
Which of the following is a consequence of excess urea in the blood?
Decreased pH
What is the primary function of the liver in protein metabolism?
Synthesis of liver proteins
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
Source of energy and glucose
What is the primary role of the liver in protein metabolism?
Synthesis of other nitrogen compounds
Which of the following is a consequence of denaturation of proteins?
Loss of biological activity
Which of the following is a characteristic of a complete protein?
Contains all essential amino acids
Which of the following is NOT a primary structure of a protein?
Orientation of secondary structure through disulfide bridges
What is the consequence of denaturation of proteins?
Altered protein structure
Which of the following factors can lead to negative nitrogen balance?
Low protein intake
What is the main function of keto acids during protein metabolism?
Energy production
What is the primary factor affecting protein use?
Nitrogen balance
What is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 125 lbs woman according to the text?
60 grams
What is the measure of the relationship between the amount of nitrogen taken into the body and the amount lost in urine, feces, skin, hair, nails?
Nitrogen balance
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polypeptides?
Polypeptides contain 10 or more amino acid residues
What is the primary function of peptide bonds in protein structure?
Stabilize protein structure
Which of the following is true about the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein?
The RDA for protein is higher for athletes and pregnant women
What is the primary role of homocysteine in the body?
Homocysteine is a precursor for the synthesis of methionine
Which of the following is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 125 lbs woman according to the text?
~45 g/day
Which of the following is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight for power/strength athletes according to the text?
1.8 - 2.0 g/kg
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of inadequate protein intake mentioned in the text?
Obesity
Which of the following is a potential consequence of excess protein intake mentioned in the text?
Cancer
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of excess protein intake mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of osteoporosis
What is the primary role of homocysteine in the body?
It is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
What is the primary function of peptide bonds in protein structure?
They provide structural stability to proteins
What is the measure of the relationship between nitrogen intake and nitrogen loss?
Nitrogen balance
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
Buffering of pH levels
Which of the following is an example of a mutation that can alter the structure of a protein?
Alterations in base sequence of genes
What is the primary factor affecting protein use?
Availability of amino acids
Which of the following conditions can lead to a positive nitrogen balance?
High protein intake
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dispensable/non-essential amino acids?
They contain an amino group (NH2+), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a side chain
What is the primary function of peptide bonds in protein structure?
To join amino acids and create polypeptides
Which of the following factors can lead to denaturation of proteins?
Changes in temperature and pH
Which of the following is a consequence of excessive protein intake mentioned in the text?
Increased urea production
What is the primary fate of the amino group (NH3) during protein metabolism?
Urea production
Which of the following factors can affect protein use according to the text?
Amino acid pattern
What is the main function of keto acids during protein metabolism?
Energy production
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
Source of Energy and Glucose
What is the primary function of the liver in protein metabolism?
Deamination (degradation)
Which of the following is a characteristic of polypeptides?
They have a specific three-dimensional structure
What is the primary role of homocysteine in the body?
Participating in methylation reactions
Which of the following is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight for endurance athletes according to the text?
1.2 - 1.4 g/kg
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein for adults 19+ years according to the text?
10 - 35% of total energy intake
What is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 150 lbs woman according to the text?
~55 g/day
Which of the following is associated with protein intake above 35% of total energy intake according to the text?
All of the above
Which of the following is a potential consequence of excess protein intake mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of obesity
What is the primary factor affecting protein use?
Protein metabolism
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of inadequate protein intake?
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
What is the connection between protein intake and osteoporosis?
Protein intake is a risk factor for osteoporosis
What is the equation to calculate nitrogen balance for an individual?
NB = 24 hour protein intake (grams)/6.25 - [24 hr urine urea nitrogen (g) + 4 g]
What conditions can lead to negative nitrogen balance?
Severe energy deficiency, immobility, stress, injury, burns, infection
What is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight for power/strength athletes according to the text?
1.2-2.0 grams/kg
What is the primary function of peptide bonds in protein structure?
To facilitate protein synthesis
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of essential amino acids?
They can be synthesized in the body
What is the primary function of peptide bonds in protein structure?
To join amino acids together
Which of the following is a potential consequence of excessive protein intake mentioned in the text?
Calcium loss in the body
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate protein intake mentioned in the text?
Decreased immune response
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of inadequate protein intake?
Decreased detoxification ability
Which of the following is a potential consequence of excess protein intake mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of osteoporosis
Which of the following factors can lead to denaturation of proteins?
High temperature
Which of the following is a consequence of denaturation of proteins?
Loss of protein function
What is the primary function of the liver in protein metabolism?
Breakdown of proteins into amino acids
Which of the following is a characteristic of polypeptides?
Formed by peptide bonds between amino acids
What is the primary role of homocysteine in the body?
Conversion to other amino acids
Which of the following is NOT a function of urea mentioned in the text?
Urea is used as a source of energy in the body.
Which of the following is a consequence of excessive protein intake mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of kidney damage
What is the primary function of transamination in protein metabolism?
To convert amino acids into keto acids
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate protein intake mentioned in the text?
Decreased muscle mass and strength
According to the text, what is the recommended daily amount of protein in grams for a 125 lbs woman?
45 g/day
What is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight for endurance athletes according to the text?
1.20 - 1.40 g/kg
Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of inadequate protein intake mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of cancer
What is the equation to calculate nitrogen balance for an individual?
Nitrogen intake - Nitrogen loss
Which of the following factors can lead to negative nitrogen balance?
Severe energy deficiency
What is the formula to calculate nitrogen balance for an individual?
NB = 24 hour protein intake (grams)/6.25 – [24 hr urine urea nitrogen (g)* + 4 g**]
Which of the following is a consequence of negative nitrogen balance?
Muscle wasting and weight loss
What is the primary role of the liver in protein metabolism?
Synthesis of plasma proteins
Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of excess protein intake mentioned in the text?
Increased risk of osteoporosis
What is the primary role of homocysteine in the body?
To act as an independent risk factor for CVD
What is the primary factor affecting protein use?
Protein quality
What is the measure of the relationship between the amount of nitrogen taken into the body and the amount lost in urine, feces, skin, hair, and nails?
Nitrogen balance
Protein Recommendations and the Ongoing Debate: Test your knowledge on the recommended daily protein intake, the concerns for older adults, and the limitations of current studies. Explore the effects of dietary protein on muscle health and everyday tasks. Find out if the current RDA for protein adequately meets our needs.
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