The Principle of Fair Play Quiz
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary argument against having obligations within unjust schemes?

  • Unjust schemes are simply more complex than just immoral schemes.
  • Morally impermissible acts should never create obligations. (correct)
  • Obligations to support immoral ends are inherent in all cooperative agreements.
  • Cooperation in unjust schemes leads to a breakdown of societal norms.

Why does Rawls disqualify only unjust schemes rather than all schemes promoting immoral ends?

  • He finds it unnecessary to include morally unacceptable purposes.
  • It creates too many complications in ethical theory.
  • Unjust schemes have a unique connection to the principle of fair play. (correct)
  • He believes that all schemes are justified despite their ends.

Which principle is mentioned as potentially applicable within unjust schemes?

  • Fair play. (correct)
  • The principle of utilitarianism.
  • Kantian ethics.
  • The principle of moral absolutism.

What aspect does the second argument regarding distribution within the scheme emphasize?

<p>Obligations arise only when fair benefits are allocated to individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the participants in a cooperative scheme under the principle of fair play?

<p>They share a special relationship that creates mutual obligations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best captures the essence of Rawls' justice condition?

<p>Fair participation requires fair distribution of benefits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about fair play in the context of criminal conspiracies?

<p>It might still apply due to the relationships between participants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge arises from the idea that obligations can come from unjust schemes?

<p>It complicates the understanding of fair participation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is M.B.E. Smith's main argument regarding unfairness in cooperation?

<p>Failure to cooperate is only unfair if someone else is denied benefits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author believe about the fairness of not cooperating, even if no one is denied benefits?

<p>It is still unfair to those who act in good faith. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinction does the content make between benefiting and accepting benefits?

<p>Benefiting is passive, whereas accepting implies consent or desire. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example provided, what situation illustrates the difference between receiving and accepting benefits?

<p>Being forced to take an experimental drug by a mad doctor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for someone to be said to have 'accepted' a benefit in the right sense?

<p>They must have actively sought out the benefit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the author view the argument against the principle of fair play?

<p>It is insufficient to justify a lack of cooperation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does the case of being injected with a drug have for moral obligations?

<p>Such situations highlight the complexity of accepting benefits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author's rejection of the intention to continue accepting benefits imply?

<p>Intention is irrelevant to the concept of moral obligation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of fair play primarily relate to?

<p>The generation of rights and obligations through cooperative arrangements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher is credited with the concise formulation of the principle of fair play?

<p>H.L.A. Hart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hart, what is necessary for political obligation to be intelligible?

<p>Understanding the concept of mutuality of restrictions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Hart describe the relationship between individuals in a joint enterprise governed by rules?

<p>As accepting mutual restrictions on liberty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Hart suggest is created when individuals submit to restrictions for the benefit of others?

<p>A mutual benefit that requires reciprocity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criterion distinguishes the principle of fair play from other ethical concepts according to Hart?

<p>The unique interaction of rights and duties within cooperative schemes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of fair play imply about the authority of officials in a joint enterprise?

<p>Officials can enforce obedience due to mutual agreements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes Hart's view on rights and obligations within cooperative arrangements?

<p>They derive from the acknowledgment of shared responsibilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Rawls, what is essential for individuals who engage in a cooperative venture?

<p>They must restrict their liberty in ways that yield advantages for all. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a criticism that Nozick raises against Hart and Rawls regarding the principle of fair play?

<p>Their accounts suggest an implausible general principle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Rawls mean by 'fair share' in the context of cooperation?

<p>Participants must contribute similar efforts to what they gain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does Nozick argue about the limited principle of fair play?

<p>It suggests that not all participants in open benefit schemes deserve cooperation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic defines the 'schemes of social cooperation' mentioned in the content?

<p>They operate on a large scale within political communities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Jones' initial reaction to the scheme involving the well?

<p>He expresses anger and rejects the idea. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'open benefits' imply in the context of cooperative schemes?

<p>Benefits available to anyone regardless of participation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior does Jones exhibit after opposing the well scheme?

<p>He begins to take water from the well at night. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dilemma arises between the general and limited principles discussed?

<p>The ability to enforce cooperation among beneficiaries and the respect for individual choice. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what term best describes Jones' actions?

<p>Free-rider. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Rawls imply about individuals who have benefited from the cooperative efforts of others?

<p>They have a duty to reciprocate the cooperation received. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the author use to argue that Jones has obligations despite not consenting?

<p>Fair play. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion does the author draw about consent in relation to cooperative schemes?

<p>Consent can be absent while obligations still exist. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the author respond to the Nozickian argument concerning consent?

<p>They argue it does not account for fair play principles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason Jones does not support the well scheme?

<p>He believes it to be a ridiculous enterprise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does the author suggest regarding most participants in cooperative schemes?

<p>Many do not consciously give their consent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objection raised against Nozick's principle of fair play?

<p>It suggests everyone must contribute regardless of their involvement. (A), It allows for forced obligations on individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'innocent bystanders' relate to the principle of fair play?

<p>They are exempt from obligations under certain moral principles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying issue does Nozick's case highlight about moral principles?

<p>Moral obligations should only arise from substantial personal involvement. (A), Moral obligations are always proportional to the benefits received. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the duration of participation in the PA scheme?

<p>Shorter participation might reduce the sense of obligation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What example is used to illustrate incidental benefits from a cooperative scheme?

<p>Beneficiaries receiving gifts from a participant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Nozick suggest about the moral implications of being forced into a scheme?

<p>It infringes on individual freedoms and autonomy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosophical perspective do Hart and Rawls represent regarding obligations under cooperative schemes?

<p>Obligations should only apply to those directly involved. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be a consequence of interpreting the principle of fair play in a strict manner?

<p>It creates unjust obligations for uninvolved individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Principle of Fair Play

A principle that states individuals who benefit from a shared system or enterprise have an obligation to contribute to its maintenance, even without explicit consent.

Cooperative Schemes

A system of rules that govern the interactions within a cooperative scheme, like a society or a game.

Mutuality of Restrictions

Restrictions individuals accept in order to participate in a cooperative scheme.

Right to Similar Submission

The right to expect others participating in a cooperative scheme to also abide by its rules and restrictions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enforcement of Obedience

The process by which officials enforce the rules of a cooperative scheme, ensuring compliance and order.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Political Obligation

The obligation to contribute to the maintenance and well-being of a cooperative scheme of which one benefits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acceptance of Benefits

The act of accepting the benefits of a cooperative scheme, implying an obligation to contribute.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Implicit Consent

An individual participating in a cooperative scheme without explicitly agreeing to its rules or restrictions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Innocent Bystander

An individual who benefits from a cooperative scheme without actively participating in its creation or maintenance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Duty of Fair Play

The concept that individuals have a moral obligation to reciprocate benefits received, even in the absence of explicit consent or agreement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Passive Receipt of Benefits

A situation where an individual passively receives benefits without actively seeking or accepting them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Positive Acceptance of Benefits

A situation where an individual actively desires, seeks, or agrees to receive benefits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Benefit without Acceptance

A situation where an individual benefits from another's actions but does not actively accept or seek those benefits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cooperation in Shared Endeavors

The principle that one should cooperate with others in a shared endeavor, especially when one has benefited from the actions of others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unfairness of Free Riding

An argument that a person's obligation to cooperate arises from the unfairness of using the work of others without contributing oneself.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Moral Obligation from Benefits Received

The argument that a person is obligated to reciprocate benefits received, even if those benefits were not sought or explicitly agreed upon, based on fairness and reciprocity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unfairness of Non-Cooperation

A situation where an individual's failure to cooperate may not lead to a denial of benefits for others, yet still be considered unfair due to taking advantage of others who act in good faith.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Argument against Justice Condition

An argument against the justice condition, stating that individuals cannot have an obligation to participate in immoral schemes, including unjust schemes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why Only Unjust Schemes?

An objection to Rawls' argument that only unjust schemes are disqualified, suggesting that all schemes promoting immoral ends should be excluded.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Justice Condition & Fair Share

The concept that obligations within a scheme are tied to the fairness of the benefits received by individuals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fair Play and Benefits

Individuals have a responsibility to contribute their fair share to a cooperative scheme when they have received a fair share of the benefits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Justice Condition and Distribution

The argument that the justice condition requires a fair distribution of benefits within a scheme for individuals to have an obligation to participate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fair Play in Criminal Conspiracies

The application of fair play principles to cooperative schemes, regardless of the moral status of the scheme's purposes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Special Relationships and Obligations

The idea that obligations arise from special relationships between cooperating participants within a scheme.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fair Share and Cooperation

The principle that obligations arise from participation in a cooperative scheme, focusing on the fairness of burdens and benefits among participants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Free-rider

A person who benefits from a shared system or enterprise but refuses to contribute to its maintenance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fair Play

The principle stating that individuals who benefit from a shared system or enterprise have an obligation to contribute to its maintenance, even without explicit consent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Obligation to Contribute

The obligation to do one's part within a cooperative scheme when one has accepted benefits from it, even without consenting to it.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Passive Benefitting

A situation where an individual benefits from a cooperative scheme without actively participating in its creation or maintenance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Implicit Participation

The idea that most individuals in cooperative schemes don't actively consent to the rules, but still participate and benefit from them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Moral Obligation from Benefits

The argument that individuals have a moral obligation to contribute to the maintenance of a cooperative scheme if they benefit from it, even without explicit consent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Principle of Fair Play

The principle that individuals who benefit from a cooperative scheme have a moral obligation to contribute to its maintenance, even if they didn't explicitly agree to it.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Limited Principle of Fair Play

The extent to which individuals are bound to contribute to a cooperative scheme based on the type of benefits they receive.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

The Principle of Fair Play

  • A. John Simmons' article examines political obligation, specifically the claim that all citizens have political obligations in just political communities (the first claim).
  • The second claim is that these obligations are based on individual consent.
  • Many political philosophers today reject the second claim, as it implies that almost all have consciously agreed to their obligations.
  • A popular alternative view is the principle of fair play, which suggests that agreements and consent are not the only ways to establish rights and obligations.
  • The principle of fair play asserts that accepting benefits within fair cooperative schemes generates rights and obligations.
  • H.L.A. Hart formulated the principle as a source of mutual restrictions and expected obedience.
  • The principle has three essential elements: a mutually beneficial and just scheme; a sacrifice of liberty; and the possibility of benefit for others without reciprocation.
  • John Rawls further developed the concept, emphasizing that the scheme must be mutually beneficial and just for obligations to arise.
  • The acceptance of benefits, not just receiving them, often defines the obligation.
  • A scheme's justice is necessary for applicable obligations of fair play to emerge.
  • An individual should do their fair share only if allocated a fair portion of the benefits.
  • Nozick critiques fair play, contesting that cooperative schemes don't always generate obligations in cases where benefits are less significant.
  • The author criticizes the idea that the principle applies to all participants in any cooperative scheme. Not all beneficiaries have obligations.
  • Some obligations arise when one accepts benefits but doesn't directly participate in a scheme.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

The Principle of Fair Play PDF

Description

Explore the concept of political obligation through the lens of the principle of fair play in this quiz. Delve into the claims made by John Simmons and the counterarguments presented by contemporary political philosophers. Assess your understanding of mutual benefits and obligations in just political communities.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser