The Principle of Fair Play Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary argument against having obligations within unjust schemes?

  • Unjust schemes are simply more complex than just immoral schemes.
  • Morally impermissible acts should never create obligations. (correct)
  • Obligations to support immoral ends are inherent in all cooperative agreements.
  • Cooperation in unjust schemes leads to a breakdown of societal norms.

    • Why does Rawls disqualify only unjust schemes rather than all schemes promoting immoral ends?

  • He finds it unnecessary to include morally unacceptable purposes.
  • It creates too many complications in ethical theory.
  • Unjust schemes have a unique connection to the principle of fair play. (correct)
  • He believes that all schemes are justified despite their ends.

    • Which principle is mentioned as potentially applicable within unjust schemes?

  • Fair play. (correct)
  • The principle of utilitarianism.
  • Kantian ethics.
  • The principle of moral absolutism.

    • What aspect does the second argument regarding distribution within the scheme emphasize?

    <p>Obligations arise only when fair benefits are allocated to individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied about the participants in a cooperative scheme under the principle of fair play?

    <p>They share a special relationship that creates mutual obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best captures the essence of Rawls' justice condition?

    <p>Fair participation requires fair distribution of benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about fair play in the context of criminal conspiracies?

    <p>It might still apply due to the relationships between participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge arises from the idea that obligations can come from unjust schemes?

    <p>It complicates the understanding of fair participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is M.B.E. Smith's main argument regarding unfairness in cooperation?

    <p>Failure to cooperate is only unfair if someone else is denied benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the author believe about the fairness of not cooperating, even if no one is denied benefits?

    <p>It is still unfair to those who act in good faith.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinction does the content make between benefiting and accepting benefits?

    <p>Benefiting is passive, whereas accepting implies consent or desire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, what situation illustrates the difference between receiving and accepting benefits?

    <p>Being forced to take an experimental drug by a mad doctor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for someone to be said to have 'accepted' a benefit in the right sense?

    <p>They must have actively sought out the benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the author view the argument against the principle of fair play?

    <p>It is insufficient to justify a lack of cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does the case of being injected with a drug have for moral obligations?

    <p>Such situations highlight the complexity of accepting benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the author's rejection of the intention to continue accepting benefits imply?

    <p>Intention is irrelevant to the concept of moral obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of fair play primarily relate to?

    <p>The generation of rights and obligations through cooperative arrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is credited with the concise formulation of the principle of fair play?

    <p>H.L.A. Hart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hart, what is necessary for political obligation to be intelligible?

    <p>Understanding the concept of mutuality of restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Hart describe the relationship between individuals in a joint enterprise governed by rules?

    <p>As accepting mutual restrictions on liberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hart suggest is created when individuals submit to restrictions for the benefit of others?

    <p>A mutual benefit that requires reciprocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criterion distinguishes the principle of fair play from other ethical concepts according to Hart?

    <p>The unique interaction of rights and duties within cooperative schemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of fair play imply about the authority of officials in a joint enterprise?

    <p>Officials can enforce obedience due to mutual agreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best summarizes Hart's view on rights and obligations within cooperative arrangements?

    <p>They derive from the acknowledgment of shared responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rawls, what is essential for individuals who engage in a cooperative venture?

    <p>They must restrict their liberty in ways that yield advantages for all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism that Nozick raises against Hart and Rawls regarding the principle of fair play?

    <p>Their accounts suggest an implausible general principle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Rawls mean by 'fair share' in the context of cooperation?

    <p>Participants must contribute similar efforts to what they gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does Nozick argue about the limited principle of fair play?

    <p>It suggests that not all participants in open benefit schemes deserve cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic defines the 'schemes of social cooperation' mentioned in the content?

    <p>They operate on a large scale within political communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jones' initial reaction to the scheme involving the well?

    <p>He expresses anger and rejects the idea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'open benefits' imply in the context of cooperative schemes?

    <p>Benefits available to anyone regardless of participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior does Jones exhibit after opposing the well scheme?

    <p>He begins to take water from the well at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dilemma arises between the general and limited principles discussed?

    <p>The ability to enforce cooperation among beneficiaries and the respect for individual choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what term best describes Jones' actions?

    <p>Free-rider.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Rawls imply about individuals who have benefited from the cooperative efforts of others?

    <p>They have a duty to reciprocate the cooperation received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does the author use to argue that Jones has obligations despite not consenting?

    <p>Fair play.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion does the author draw about consent in relation to cooperative schemes?

    <p>Consent can be absent while obligations still exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the author respond to the Nozickian argument concerning consent?

    <p>They argue it does not account for fair play principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason Jones does not support the well scheme?

    <p>He believes it to be a ridiculous enterprise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does the author suggest regarding most participants in cooperative schemes?

    <p>Many do not consciously give their consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objection raised against Nozick's principle of fair play?

    <p>It suggests everyone must contribute regardless of their involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of 'innocent bystanders' relate to the principle of fair play?

    <p>They are exempt from obligations under certain moral principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying issue does Nozick's case highlight about moral principles?

    <p>Moral obligations should only arise from substantial personal involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied about the duration of participation in the PA scheme?

    <p>Shorter participation might reduce the sense of obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What example is used to illustrate incidental benefits from a cooperative scheme?

    <p>Beneficiaries receiving gifts from a participant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Nozick suggest about the moral implications of being forced into a scheme?

    <p>It infringes on individual freedoms and autonomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical perspective do Hart and Rawls represent regarding obligations under cooperative schemes?

    <p>Obligations should only apply to those directly involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be a consequence of interpreting the principle of fair play in a strict manner?

    <p>It creates unjust obligations for uninvolved individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Principle of Fair Play

    • A. John Simmons' article examines political obligation, specifically the claim that all citizens have political obligations in just political communities (the first claim).
    • The second claim is that these obligations are based on individual consent.
    • Many political philosophers today reject the second claim, as it implies that almost all have consciously agreed to their obligations.
    • A popular alternative view is the principle of fair play, which suggests that agreements and consent are not the only ways to establish rights and obligations.
    • The principle of fair play asserts that accepting benefits within fair cooperative schemes generates rights and obligations.
    • H.L.A. Hart formulated the principle as a source of mutual restrictions and expected obedience.
    • The principle has three essential elements: a mutually beneficial and just scheme; a sacrifice of liberty; and the possibility of benefit for others without reciprocation.
    • John Rawls further developed the concept, emphasizing that the scheme must be mutually beneficial and just for obligations to arise.
    • The acceptance of benefits, not just receiving them, often defines the obligation.
    • A scheme's justice is necessary for applicable obligations of fair play to emerge.
    • An individual should do their fair share only if allocated a fair portion of the benefits.
    • Nozick critiques fair play, contesting that cooperative schemes don't always generate obligations in cases where benefits are less significant.
    • The author criticizes the idea that the principle applies to all participants in any cooperative scheme. Not all beneficiaries have obligations.
    • Some obligations arise when one accepts benefits but doesn't directly participate in a scheme.

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    Description

    Explore the concept of political obligation through the lens of the principle of fair play in this quiz. Delve into the claims made by John Simmons and the counterarguments presented by contemporary political philosophers. Assess your understanding of mutual benefits and obligations in just political communities.

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