The Power of Self-Testing in Learning

The Testing Effect

• One of the most effective ways to study is by testing oneself on the material, rather than re-reading the textbook or looking over notes.
• The act of answering questions strengthens memory, a phenomenon known as the Testing Effect or test-enhanced learning.
• Active learning is better than passive learning; when we engage with the material in a more active way, it increases the likelihood of recalling the information later on.

Why the Testing Effect Works

• When we actively engage with the material, we think about how it relates to other material we've learned or are learning.
• The more actively we engage with the material, the better; research shows that it's beneficial to test oneself in ways that force struggle with the material.
• The benefits of testing are largest when the questions are complex and require effort to come up with the answer.

The Dynamics of Recalling

• When we recall information, we search through our memory and retrieve the answer, much like a muscle that needs to be exercised.
• The more we practice testing ourselves and recalling the information, the easier it becomes to do so again at a later time.

Examples of the Testing Effect

• A study comparing medical residents who tested themselves versus those who simply re-studied information about two diseases found that those who practiced testing achieved 13% higher scores, with greater long-term retention.
• In another study, participants who were tested on material one day after learning it had better recall of the information later on compared to those who were tested on the material a week or three weeks later.

Applying the Testing Effect

• When given a practice test, take it! If not, find practice questions online or use sites that can automatically send questions as you approach your exam.
• Use other study strategies that actively engage with the material, such as flashcards and taking notes in your own words.
• Change your mindset about testing; see it as an important learning opportunity, and review your exams and quizzes to identify areas for improvement.