The Pituitary Gland Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is the pituitary gland located within?

  • The cerebral cortex
  • The brain stem
  • The hypothalamus
  • The sella turcica (correct)

    • What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

  • A nerve fiber
  • A stalk composed of axons (correct)
  • A muscle fiber
  • A blood vessel

    • What is the adenohypophysis composed of?

  • Basophilic cells only
  • Basophilic, eosinophilic, and chromophobic cells (correct)
  • Chromophobic and eosinophilic cells
  • Basophilic and eosinophilic cells

    • What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism?

    <p>Adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of pituitary adenomas based on?

    <p>The hormone produced by the neoplastic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for pituitary adenomas that are less than 1 cm in size?

    <p>Microadenomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Galactorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of excessive growth hormone in prepubertal children?

    <p>Gigantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that occurs after surgical removal of the adrenal glands for treatment of Cushing syndrome?

    <p>Nelson syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of elevated levels of growth hormone after closure of the epiphyses?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pituitary adenoma results in Cushing disease?

    <p>Corticotroph Cell Adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical size of corticotroph cell adenomas at the time of diagnosis?

    <p>Microscopic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all pituitary tumors are nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypopituitarism?

    <p>Loss of the anterior pituitary parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of anterior pituitary destruction required to cause pituitary insufficiency?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Sheehan syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the anterior pituitary enlarge during pregnancy?

    <p>Due to an increase in the size and number of prolactin-secreting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare type of pituitary tumor?

    <p>Pituitary carcinomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur in women who develop significant hemorrhage and hypotension during the peripartum period?

    <p>Ischemic injury to the enlarged gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not affected in pituitary disorders?

    <p>Posterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of growth hormone deficiency in children?

    <p>Growth failure (pituitary dwarfism)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of gonadotropin deficiency in women?

    <p>Amenorrhea and infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do hypothalamic neurons produce?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinically important posterior pituitary syndrome?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ADH in the renal collecting tubules?

    <p>Increase the resorption of free water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by polyuria caused by ADH deficiency?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe diabetes insipidus due to ADH deficiency?

    <p>Central diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of excessive renal loss of free water in diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Increased serum sodium and osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hyponatremia in the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion?

    <p>Resorption of excessive amounts of free water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion?

    <p>Small-cell carcinomas of the lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

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