30 Questions
What is the pituitary gland located within?
The sella turcica
What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
A stalk composed of axons
What is the adenohypophysis composed of?
Basophilic, eosinophilic, and chromophobic cells
What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism?
Adenoma
What is the classification of pituitary adenomas based on?
The hormone produced by the neoplastic cells
What is the term for pituitary adenomas that are less than 1 cm in size?
Microadenomas
What is a common symptom of hyperprolactinemia?
Galactorrhea
What is the result of excessive growth hormone in prepubertal children?
Gigantism
What is the name of the condition that occurs after surgical removal of the adrenal glands for treatment of Cushing syndrome?
Nelson syndrome
What is the effect of elevated levels of growth hormone after closure of the epiphyses?
Acromegaly
What type of pituitary adenoma results in Cushing disease?
Corticotroph Cell Adenoma
What is the typical size of corticotroph cell adenomas at the time of diagnosis?
Microscopic
What percentage of all pituitary tumors are nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas?
25%
What is the primary cause of hypopituitarism?
Loss of the anterior pituitary parenchyma
What is the minimum percentage of anterior pituitary destruction required to cause pituitary insufficiency?
75%
What is the most common cause of ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary?
Sheehan syndrome
Why does the anterior pituitary enlarge during pregnancy?
Due to an increase in the size and number of prolactin-secreting cells
What is a rare type of pituitary tumor?
Pituitary carcinomas
What can occur in women who develop significant hemorrhage and hypotension during the peripartum period?
Ischemic injury to the enlarged gland
What is not affected in pituitary disorders?
Posterior pituitary
What is a result of growth hormone deficiency in children?
Growth failure (pituitary dwarfism)
What is a result of gonadotropin deficiency in women?
Amenorrhea and infertility
What do hypothalamic neurons produce?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
What is a clinically important posterior pituitary syndrome?
Diabetes insipidus
What is the primary function of ADH in the renal collecting tubules?
Increase the resorption of free water
What is the condition characterized by polyuria caused by ADH deficiency?
Diabetes insipidus
What is the term used to describe diabetes insipidus due to ADH deficiency?
Central diabetes insipidus
What is the result of excessive renal loss of free water in diabetes insipidus?
Increased serum sodium and osmolality
What is the cause of hyponatremia in the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion?
Resorption of excessive amounts of free water
What is a common cause of the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion?
Small-cell carcinomas of the lung
This quiz covers the structure and function of the pituitary gland, including its location, composition, and relationship with the hypothalamus.
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