The Pituitary Gland Anatomy

What is the pituitary gland located within?

The cerebral cortex
The brain stem
The hypothalamus
The sella turcica (correct)

What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

A nerve fiber
A stalk composed of axons (correct)
A muscle fiber
A blood vessel

What is the adenohypophysis composed of?

Basophilic cells only
Basophilic, eosinophilic, and chromophobic cells (correct)
Chromophobic and eosinophilic cells
Basophilic and eosinophilic cells

What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism?

Adenoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of pituitary adenomas based on?

The hormone produced by the neoplastic cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for pituitary adenomas that are less than 1 cm in size?

Microadenomas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of hyperprolactinemia?

Galactorrhea (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of excessive growth hormone in prepubertal children?

Gigantism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that occurs after surgical removal of the adrenal glands for treatment of Cushing syndrome?

Nelson syndrome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of elevated levels of growth hormone after closure of the epiphyses?

Acromegaly (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of pituitary adenoma results in Cushing disease?

Corticotroph Cell Adenoma (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size of corticotroph cell adenomas at the time of diagnosis?

Microscopic (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all pituitary tumors are nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas?

25% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypopituitarism?

Loss of the anterior pituitary parenchyma (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of anterior pituitary destruction required to cause pituitary insufficiency?

75% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary?

Sheehan syndrome (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the anterior pituitary enlarge during pregnancy?

Due to an increase in the size and number of prolactin-secreting cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare type of pituitary tumor?

Pituitary carcinomas (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can occur in women who develop significant hemorrhage and hypotension during the peripartum period?

Ischemic injury to the enlarged gland (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is not affected in pituitary disorders?

Posterior pituitary (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of growth hormone deficiency in children?

Growth failure (pituitary dwarfism) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of gonadotropin deficiency in women?

Amenorrhea and infertility (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do hypothalamic neurons produce?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinically important posterior pituitary syndrome?

Diabetes insipidus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ADH in the renal collecting tubules?

Increase the resorption of free water (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by polyuria caused by ADH deficiency?

Diabetes insipidus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe diabetes insipidus due to ADH deficiency?

Central diabetes insipidus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of excessive renal loss of free water in diabetes insipidus?

Increased serum sodium and osmolality (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hyponatremia in the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion?

Resorption of excessive amounts of free water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion?

Small-cell carcinomas of the lung (A) Signup and view all the answers