The Persian Wars Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What major event marked the failure of the peace agreement between Athens and Sparta?

The Sicilian expedition (correct)

The peace of Apamea

The rise of Persia

The battle of Ipsos

Who was the leader of the coalition against Antigonus I Monophthalmus during the Battle of Ipsos?

Antigonus I Monophthalmus

Demetrius I

Cassander

Seleucus I Nicator (correct)

Which territory did Seleucus I secure as a result of his victory at the Battle of Ipsos?

Egypt

Macedonia

Syria and Mesopotamia (correct)

Thrace

What was a key advantage for Seleucus I's coalition in the Battle of Ipsos?

War elephants Signup and view all the answers

Which empire was established by Seleucus I after the Battle of Ipsos?

Seleucid Empire Signup and view all the answers

What event caused the complete defeat of the Athenian fleet during the conflict with Sparta?

Sicilian expedition Signup and view all the answers

Which leader was NOT involved in the coalition against Antigonus during the Battle of Ipsos?

Demetrius I Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Peace of Apamea?

It marked the end of the Roman-Seleucid War. Signup and view all the answers

What were the three main goals of Cimon during his military campaign with the Delian League?

Banish pirates from Scyros Signup and view all the answers

What significant discovery did Cimon make on the island of Scyros?

The bones of King Theseus Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the Thasian Revolts in 467 BCE?

Conflicts over control of the Thracian mines Signup and view all the answers

What consequence did Thasos face after attempting to withdraw from the Delian League?

They were forced to surrender their ships and mines Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the political repercussions of Cimon's actions in Thasos?

It sparked debates about invading Macedonia Signup and view all the answers

What strategic decision did Themistocles make regarding Athens during the Persian invasion?

He turned Athens into an island. Signup and view all the answers

In 467, what major military success did Cimon achieve against the Persians?

He destroyed 200 Persian ships Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Battle of Salamis?

The Persian navy was successfully defeated. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Cimon's success in battles on the Delian League?

Encouraged defections from the League Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of forming the Delian League in 476 BCE?

To unify against future Persian threats. Signup and view all the answers

What did Cimon's discovery of King Theseus's bones lead to?

The birth of a hero cult surrounding Theseus Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to the expansion of Athenian democracy following the Persian Wars?

State pay for civic duties from League tribute. Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant reaction of Spartan citizens to Athenian leadership of the fleet?

They complained about Pausanias' conduct. Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the tribute system established by the Delian League?

Funding for architectural projects like the Parthenon. Signup and view all the answers

What event in 464 BCE contributed to the instability of Sparta?

A devastating earthquake. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Athenian approach in dealing with Sparta during the helot rebellion?

Athens sent troops to support Sparta. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Battle of Gaugamela?

It marked the end of the Achaemenid Empire. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key outcome of the King's Peace treaty signed in 387 BCE?

It recognized Sparta’s hegemony over the Peloponnese. Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of the victory at the Battle of Mantinea for Thebes?

It was a pyrrhic victory resulting in significant losses. Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Thirty Tyrants in Athens?

Critias Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the regime of the Thirty Tyrants?

Brutality and oppression in governance Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the King's Peace treaty for the Greek city-states?

The autonomy of Greek city-states was recognized. Signup and view all the answers

During the Battle of Gaugamela, what was the estimated size of Darius' army?

Between 100,000 and 200,000 soldiers Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor in the outcome of the Battle of Mantinea?

The Sacred Band's role in Thebes' victory Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Federal Court play in the Achaean League?

It resolved disputes between member cities. Signup and view all the answers

Which cities were key additions to the Achaean League under Artus's leadership?

Corinth, Megalopolis, and Patras Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of the Battle of Corinth on the Achaean League?

The League's resistance to Roman influence was crushed. Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable feature of the Macedonian Phalanx introduced by Phillip II of Macedon?

The sarissa, a long spear or pike. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the long length of the sarissa advantageous in combat?

It enabled soldiers to reach enemies at a distance. Signup and view all the answers

How did the sympoliteia impact relationships between cities?

It created dual citizenship and a formalized relationship. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the greatest strengths of the Macedonian Phalanx during battle?

Its ability to function well with companion cavalry. Signup and view all the answers

How deep would ranks typically form in a Macedonian Phalanx?

16-32 soldiers deep. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the treaty signed at Apamea for the Seleucid Empire?

The Seleucid Empire lost most of its territories in Asia Minor and surrounding regions. Signup and view all the answers

How many infantry and cavalry were the Seleucids limited to following the treaty?

10,000 infantry and 500 cavalry Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Antiochus IV being provided as a hostage to Rome?

To ensure that Antiochus would not challenge Roman authority. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in Seleucus I's choice of location for the city of Seleukeia?

Control over trade routes connecting the Mediterranean and Asia. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Battle of Sellasia have on Spartan power?

It marked the end of Spartan dominance in the Peloponnese. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the leader of the Achaean League at the time of the Battle of Sellasia?

Cleomenes III Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the policies of Seleucus I for Seleukeia?

To promote the integration of Greek and local cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What was a requirement placed on the Seleucid Empire in terms of financial indemnity?

15,000 talents over 12 years Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Persian Wars

Cyrus II conquered Lydia in 546 BCE, including its Asian trading outlet.
Cyrus II led a conquest of Babylon in 539 BCE.
Darius seized the Persian throne in 521 BCE.
Ionian Greeks revolted against Persian rule in 499 BCE.
Darius retaliated against Athens and Eretria in 494 BCE for assistance in the Ionian Revolt.
Miltiades led the Athenian forces to victory at Marathon in 490 BCE.
The Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BCE involved Spartan King Leonidas and his troops.
Themistocles evacuated Athenian citizens to the island of Salamis.
The Athenian navy defeated the Persian navy in the Battle of Salamis.
The Battle of Plataea in 479 BCE defeated Persian forces.
The Battle of Mycale in 479 BCE destroyed Persian remnants.

After the Persian Wars

A sense of Hellenic identity emerged.
The Delian League formed in 476 BCE to oppose further Persian threats.
The Delian League was led by Athens and oversaw contributing states' provision of ships, men, or money.
Athens benefited from the Delian League with state pay for public service, and democratic reforms reduced aristocrat power in politics.
Athens' expansionism brought renewed tensions with Sparta.
An earthquake in 464 BCE further destabilized Sparta, which led them to reject Athenian help.
Sparta and Athens ultimately fought in the Peloponnesian War.

First Peloponnesian War

Athens' expansionist policies extended, as part of democratic governance and hegemony.
Megara left the Peloponnesian League to ally with Athens in 460 BCE.
In 459 BCE, Corinth and Aegina combined against Athens.
The Long Walls were built in 459 BCE to link Athens to the port of Piraeus.
Aegina was captured by Athens in 457 BCE for its strategic location and position between Athens and the Peloponnese.
A thirty-year peace was declared in 445 BCE.

Examination Terms

Kimon: A prominent Athenian general during the late 5th century BCE.
Xenophon: A general, student of Socrates, and author of Memorabilia, Cyropaedia, and Hellenica.
Konon: An Athenian naval commander, known for his role in the final stages of the Peloponnesian War.
Nikias: A statesman and general, known for his role in the Thirty Years Peace.
Pelopidas: A Theban general and statesman.
Alkibiades: A prominent Athenian general and statesman in the 5th century BCE.
Demosthenes: A famous Athenian statesman and orator, known for his opposition to Philip II of Macedon.
Dionysios: A tyrant of Syracuse in Sicily in the late 5th century BCE.
Brasidas: A Spartan general, known for his military achievements during the Peloponnesian War.
Aratos: A Greek statesman and leader of the Achaean League.
Seleukos Nikator: An admiral and general known for his role consolidating an empire after Alexander the Great's death.
Lysimachos: A general under Alexander and later a prominent ruler in the Hellenistic era.
Thrasyboulos: A prominent Athenian general and statesman in the late 5th and early 4th centuries BCE.
Isokrates: A renowned Greek orator and political philosopher.
Flamininus: A Roman general who played a key role in defeating Philip V of Macedon in the Second Macedonian War
Philippos III Arrhidaios: The half brother of Alexander and a figurehead ruler after his death in 323 BCE.
Parmenion: Phillip II and Alexander's prominent general, instrumental in early campaigns.
Olynthos: An Athenian colony located in the northern part of Chalcidice.
Olympias: Mother of Alexander the Great, wife of King Phillip II of Macedon.
Antigonos Gonatas: King of Macedon who consolidated power after the death of Alexander the Great (305-239 BCE).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key events and figures of the Persian Wars. This quiz covers the rise of Cyrus II, the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis, as well as the aftermath leading to the formation of the Delian League. Challenge yourself and discover the impact of these historical events on Hellenic identity.