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Questions and Answers
What types of neurons are primarily involved in the efferent pathway from the CNS to effector tissues?
What types of neurons are primarily involved in the efferent pathway from the CNS to effector tissues?
Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons?
Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons?
What anatomical division do the preganglionic sympathetic axons primarily arise from?
What anatomical division do the preganglionic sympathetic axons primarily arise from?
Which of the following is NOT a target for innervation by the parasympathetic division?
Which of the following is NOT a target for innervation by the parasympathetic division?
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Which type of receptor is activated by acetylcholine released at the synapses of postganglionic neurons?
Which type of receptor is activated by acetylcholine released at the synapses of postganglionic neurons?
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Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
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What best describes the location of preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the parasympathetic division?
What best describes the location of preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the parasympathetic division?
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Efferent neurons that originate from the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord primarily relate to which nervous system division?
Efferent neurons that originate from the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord primarily relate to which nervous system division?
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What is a primary characteristic of the somatic nervous system compared to the autonomic nervous system?
What is a primary characteristic of the somatic nervous system compared to the autonomic nervous system?
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Which of the following correctly describes the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system?
Which of the following correctly describes the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system?
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What is the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) concerning gastrointestinal function?
What is the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) concerning gastrointestinal function?
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Which type of receptors do the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system primarily interact with?
Which type of receptors do the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system primarily interact with?
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How do somatic motor neurons interact with muscle fibers?
How do somatic motor neurons interact with muscle fibers?
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Which anatomical structure is associated with the regulation of smooth muscle motility in the gastrointestinal tract?
Which anatomical structure is associated with the regulation of smooth muscle motility in the gastrointestinal tract?
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What distinguishes the cholinergic nature of somatic motor neurons?
What distinguishes the cholinergic nature of somatic motor neurons?
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What is the primary function of preganglionic neurons in both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
What is the primary function of preganglionic neurons in both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
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What is the role of the efferent neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
What is the role of the efferent neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
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Which statement is true regarding the preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
Which statement is true regarding the preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
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In terms of innervation, which of the following correctly describes a key difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
In terms of innervation, which of the following correctly describes a key difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
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What aspect of autonomic nervous system reflexes distinguishes them from somatic reflexes?
What aspect of autonomic nervous system reflexes distinguishes them from somatic reflexes?
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Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with cholinergic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with cholinergic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?
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Which of the following correctly states the functional relationship between afferent and efferent neurons?
Which of the following correctly states the functional relationship between afferent and efferent neurons?
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In autonomic reflex arcs, where does the processing typically occur?
In autonomic reflex arcs, where does the processing typically occur?
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Which type of efferent fibers specifically innervate sweat glands?
Which type of efferent fibers specifically innervate sweat glands?
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Study Notes
The Peripheral Nervous System
- Efferent neurons transmit signals from the CNS to the periphery.
- Efferent projections involve two neurons: preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.
- Preganglionic neurons are located in central nuclei and project to motor ganglia.
- All preganglionic neurons are cholinergic, releasing acetylcholine (ACh).
- Postganglionic neurons extend from motor ganglia to target organs.
Autonomic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic (Craniosacral)
- Primarily responsible for "rest and digest" functions.
- Preganglionic neurons originate in the brainstem or sacral spinal cord.
- Postganglionic neurons release ACh, which binds to muscarinic receptors on target organs.
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Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar)
- Primarily responsible for "fight or flight" responses.
- Preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord.
- Postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), or dopamine (DA), which bind to α, β, or D1 receptors on target organs.
Somatic Nervous System
- Responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle.
- Single motor neuron extends from the spinal cord directly to skeletal muscle.
- Motor neurons are cholinergic and release ACh, which binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on muscle fibers.
Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
- "Third division" of the autonomic nervous system.
- A complex network of neurons within the walls of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
- Includes the myenteric and submucosal plexuses.
- Can regulate GI function autonomously, independent of sympathetic or parasympathetic input.
Reflex Arcs
- Involve sensory (afferent) neurons transmitting information from effector tissues to the CNS.
- Reflex arcs allow for rapid responses to stimuli without conscious control.
- Somatic reflexes involve integration in the spinal cord.
- Autonomic reflexes involve integration in the medulla oblongata and hypothalamus.
Neurotransmission in the Autonomic Nervous System
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Cholinergic neurons release ACh.
- Include all preganglionic neurons (both parasympathetic and sympathetic).
- Include all somatic motor neurons.
- Include most postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
- Include postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate sweat glands.
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Cholinergic receptors on target cells are activated by ACh.
- Nicotinic receptors are found on preganglionic neurons.
- Muscarinic receptors are found on postganglionic neurons.
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts of the Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous Systems. Learn about the roles of efferent neurons, the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, and the significance of neurotransmitters involved in these processes. Test your knowledge on how these systems work together to regulate bodily functions.
