The Parthenon Flashcards

Dedication

• The Parthenon is dedicated to Athena Parthenos, central to the Acropolis in Athens, symbolizing its significance to the city's identity.

Architects

• Iktinos and Kalikrates served as chief architects of the Parthenon, constructed between 447 and 438 B.C., with decorations finalized by 432 B.C.
• Phidias, the master builder, is credited for all sculptures in the Parthenon.

Classical Style

• The Parthenon marks a transition from archaic to classical style, reflecting Athens' rise as a dominant city-state in the 5th century B.C.
• It embodies themes of power and authority, emphasizing a harmonious relationship with nature.

Post-Lintel Architecture

• The Parthenon features 17 columns along the long side and 8 on the short side, supporting a simple yet meaningful entablature and triangular pediment.

Acropolis Fortress

• The ruins of the Parthenon II, destroyed by Xerxes' army, were repurposed as part of the Acropolis fortress, symbolizing resilience and sacrifice.

Pericles

• Pericles (492-429 B.C.) was instrumental in Athens' Golden Age, leading the rebuilding of the city and commissioning the Parthenon through democratic approval.

Symbolism

• Pericles viewed the Parthenon as a testament to ancestral heritage, capturing Athens' greatness and democratic ideals.
• It serves as a symbol of individual contributions to the greater good, reflecting the aspirations of Athenian citizens and later influencing American architecture.

Sculpture of Athena

• The Parthenon hosts a statue of Athena, designed for direct interaction with the divine rather than typical worship settings.
• Sculptor Phidias created a monumental Athena that dominates the temple's center, portraying her as a militaristic goddess.

Placement of Entrance

• The entrance is positioned at the far short side, designed to showcase the Parthenon's beauty to passersby, emphasizing its divine and societal significance.

Size Refinements

• The Parthenon incorporates various architectural refinements such as column curvature, inclination, and thicker corner columns, creating an illusion of grandeur.
• Each of the 70,000 individual pieces exhibits unique characteristics, enriching the visual experience.

High Relief

• High relief sculptures like the metopes appear to emerge from their stone background, showcasing intricate carvings that enhance the scene's depth.

Low Relief

• Low relief sculptures, such as those on the frieze, are less detached from their stone surfaces, resulting in a more subtle representation.

Treasury Room

• A dedicated treasury room within the Parthenon served to store wealth and spoils, contributing to the civic pride of Athens' citizens.