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Questions and Answers
Why did Edward the Confessor spend a lot of time in France?
Who did Edward the Confessor promise the English throne to while in France?
Why did the Anglo-Saxon lords choose Harold Godwinson as the new king after Edward's death?
What factor led to the Normans winning the Battle of Hastings?
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What ancient custom was introduced during the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
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Why did William of Normandy attack England after the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
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What significant change occurred in English history after 1066 due to the Normans?
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How did William I ensure loyalty and military support from the knights who received land?
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Why were some Anglo-Saxons compelled to start speaking French after the Norman Conquest?
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What event led to William II becoming the king of England?
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Which group was at the bottom of medieval society hierarchy and needed permission for basic activities?
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What was the purpose of the Domesday Book created by William I?
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In medieval society, which group was responsible for military service in exchange for protection?
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Why did some Anglo-Saxons decide to submit and start speaking French after the Norman Conquest?
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What resulted from Harold's death in battle according to the rules of war mentioned in the text?
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Who replaced members of the English clergy after the Norman Conquest?
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Who was the first Plantagenet king of England?
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What did Henry II establish in England to reduce the power of the barons?
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Which king was succeeded by Henry II?
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What event led to the conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket?
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Which name means 'yellow broom flower' and inspired the Plantagenet dynasty?
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What type of law system was established by Henry II in England?
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What was the period marked by the civil war between Matilda and Stephen known as?
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Why did Henry II send itinerant judges to hold courts in cities?
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What was the reaction from society following the murder of Thomas Becket?
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What was the purpose of knights paying 'scutage' to the king instead of service?
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What script replaced the ancient Germanic runic script of Old English during the 8th century in England?
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Which phase of English development followed the Norman Conquest and lasted until around 1500?
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What language became the language of power and privilege in England after the Norman Conquest?
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Which language was spoken by the Anglo-Saxons and derived from a Germanic linguistic root?
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What historical event led to the standardization of the London dialect in Middle English around the 14th century?
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In what year did William Caxton, a printer, begin printing in Westminster using the London dialect for standardization?
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Study Notes
Edward the Confessor
- Spent a lot of time in France, where he promised the English throne to William of Normandy.
Harold Godwinson
- Chosen as the new king by Anglo-Saxon lords after Edward's death due to his power and influence.
Battle of Hastings
- Won by the Normans due to their superior military tactics and armor.
Battle of Stamford Bridge
- Introduced the ancient custom of beheading defeated enemies.
William of Normandy
- Attacked England after the Battle of Stamford Bridge to claim the throne promised to him by Edward the Confessor.
Norman Conquest
- Led to a significant change in English history, with the Normans introducing their language, culture, and feudal system.
William I
- Ensured loyalty and military support from knights who received land by requiring them to swear allegiance and provide military service.
Anglo-Saxons and French
- Some Anglo-Saxons were compelled to start speaking French after the Norman Conquest due to the new ruling class.
- The Norman Conquest led to French becoming the language of power and privilege in England.
William II
- Became king of England after the death of William I.
Medieval Society Hierarchy
- The bottom of the medieval society hierarchy consisted of serfs, who needed permission for basic activities.
Domesday Book
- Created by William I to record land ownership and taxation, enabling more efficient governance.
Feudal System
- Knights were responsible for military service in exchange for protection and land.
Henry II
- Replaced members of the English clergy after the Norman Conquest with Norman clergy.
- Established a system of itinerant judges to hold courts in cities, reducing the power of the barons.
- Established a common law system in England.
- Was succeeded by Richard I and preceded by King Stephen.
Plantagenet Dynasty
- Founded by Henry II, with the name inspired by the 'yellow broom flower' (genêt).
- The first Plantagenet king of England was Henry II.
Henry II and Thomas Becket
- The conflict between them was sparked by Becket's resistance to Henry's attempts to limit the Church's power.
Scutage
- A payment made by knights to the king instead of providing military service.
The Anarchy
- The period marked by the civil war between Matilda and Stephen (1135-1154).
English Language Development
- The Old English period was marked by the use of the ancient Germanic runic script, replaced by the Latin script in the 8th century.
- The Middle English period followed the Norman Conquest and lasted until around 1500.
- The London dialect became the standard dialect of Middle English around the 14th century.
- William Caxton, a printer, began printing in Westminster using the London dialect for standardization in 1476.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 and the events that followed. Learn about William the Conqueror, the Battle of Hastings, and the changes brought by the Normans to England.
