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महात्मा गांधी द्वारा नेतृत्व किए गए गैर-सहयोग आंदोलन का प्रमुख उद्देश्य क्या था?
महात्मा गांधी द्वारा नेतृत्व किए गए गैर-सहयोग आंदोलन का प्रमुख उद्देश्य क्या था?
1920 में कौन-कौन से हालात नेतृत्व के द्वारा गैर-सहयोग आंदोलन की शुरुआत की गई?
1920 में कौन-कौन से हालात नेतृत्व के द्वारा गैर-सहयोग आंदोलन की शुरुआत की गई?
महात्मा गांधी किस सिद्धांत पर आधारित सत्याग्रह की प्रेरणा लेकर कई छोटे-मोटे आंदोलनों की शुरुआत की?
महात्मा गांधी किस सिद्धांत पर आधारित सत्याग्रह की प्रेरणा लेकर कई छोटे-मोटे आंदोलनों की शुरुआत की?
नेतृत्व के द्वारा किस हत्यकांड के बाद, मुख्य सिद्धांतों पर आधारित 'गैर-सहयोग आंदोलन' में महात्मा गांधी की मुख्यमंत्रीत् में प्रेरित हुआ?
नेतृत्व के द्वारा किस हत्यकांड के बाद, मुख्य सिद्धांतों पर आधारित 'गैर-सहयोग आंदोलन' में महात्मा गांधी की मुख्यमंत्रीत् में प्रेरित हुआ?
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'गैर-सहयोग आंदोलन' के मुख्य सिद्धांतों में से एक है -
'गैर-सहयोग आंदोलन' के मुख्य सिद्धांतों में से एक है -
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क्या 'सत्याग्रह' का सिद्धांत क्या था?
क्या 'सत्याग्रह' का सिद्धांत क्या था?
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'स्वदेशी' की अपेक्षा क्या है?
'स्वदेशी' की अपेक्षा क्या है?
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'स्वतंत्रता मिलने' की मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या था?
'स्वतंत्रता मिलने' की मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या था?
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'सत्याग्रह' के सिद्धांत में 'हिंसा' के बजाय कौन-सी शक्ति प्रमुख है?
'सत्याग्रह' के सिद्धांत में 'हिंसा' के बजाय कौन-सी शक्ति प्रमुख है?
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'सत्याग्रह' मुहिम के परिणामस्वरूप, ब्रिटिश सरकार ने कौन-कौन से कठोर उपाय अपनाए?
'सत्याग्रह' मुहिम के परिणामस्वरूप, ब्रिटिश सरकार ने कौन-कौन से कठोर उपाय अपनाए?
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Study Notes
The Non-Cooperation Movement in the Indian Independence Struggle
The Indian independence movement, spanning over several decades, was a complex and multifaceted journey. One pivotal moment in this story of struggle and resilience was the Non-Cooperation Movement, a nonviolent civil disobedience campaign that began in 1920 and lasted until 1922. This movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, aimed to achieve self-governance through the united efforts of Indians.
The Precursors
Prior to the Non-Cooperation Movement, Gandhi and the Indian National Congress had already launched a series of smaller-scale, local campaigns based on the principle of Satyagraha — nonviolent resistance. These efforts, such as the Champaran Satyagraha (1917) and the Kheda Satyagraha (1918), not only highlighted the injustices faced by Indians but also served as a training ground for the larger movement to come.
The Main Players
The Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in April 1919, where British troops killed hundreds of Indian protesters without provocation. The ensuing outrage demanded a response, and Gandhi stepped forward as a leader, uniting the Indian public against British rule.
Key Elements
The Non-Cooperation Movement was based on three primary principles:
- Non-cooperation: Indians were encouraged to refrain from engaging with, and supporting, British institutions, such as the government, education system, police, and judiciary.
- Non-violence: Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha, or "truth force," called for nonviolent civil disobedience in achieving political and civil rights.
- Swadeshi: Indians were encouraged to boycott foreign goods and instead support local industries, a concept known as Swadeshi.
The Campaign's Progress
The Non-Cooperation Movement gained widespread support, with millions of Indians participating in various forms of civil disobedience. Students boycotted schools and colleges, and lawyers chose not to practice in British courts. Many Indians stopped paying taxes, refused to work in government or British-owned companies, and boycotted British-made goods. Gandhi even urged Indians to withdraw from the British education system and start their own national schools.
In response to the movement's success, the British government imposed harsh measures, including arresting thousands of Indian activists, imposing martial law, and shutting down newspapers. Despite these efforts, the Non-Cooperation Movement continued to gain momentum, with millions of Indians participating in nonviolent civil disobedience.
The Aftermath
The Non-Cooperation Movement ultimately failed to achieve its primary goal of complete independence for India. However, it laid the groundwork for future movements, such as the Quit India Movement, and inspired other nonviolent civil disobedience campaigns around the world. The movement also served as a major test for Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha, and its success helped to establish Gandhi as a dominant figure in the Indian independence struggle.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a turning point in the Indian independence movement, demonstrating the power of nonviolent civil disobedience and the potential for widespread popular support in the struggle for freedom. The movement's legacy continues to inspire and influence political activism worldwide.
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Description
Explore the history and impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian Independence Struggle. Learn about the precursors, key elements, main players, campaign progress, and aftermath of this pivotal nonviolent civil disobedience movement.
