The New Deal

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

• The aim was to stabilize crop prices by offering subsidies to farmers for reducing production.
• Farmers received financial incentives to limit the cultivation of certain crops, reducing supply and increasing prices.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

• It provided employment to unmarried, unemployed men during the Great Depression.
• They were Engaged in conservation and development projects across forests, parks, and farmland.

National Industry Recovery Act (NIRA)

• The objective was to stimulate economic recovery by regulating industry standards for fair wages and prices.
• It paved the way for labor reforms and industrial expansion.

Deficit Spending

• Deficit spending is government spending that exceeds its revenue, financed through borrowing.
• It was used as a strategy to stimulate economic activity and reduce unemployment during the Depression.

Hoovervilles

• These were impromptu shantytowns built by homeless people during the Great Depression.
• They were named after President Herbert Hoover, who was seen as ineffective in addressing the economic crisis.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

• The WPA provided jobs by executing public works projects.
• It served as a lifeline for the unemployed and contributed to infrastructure development.

Social Security Act

• Aimed to offer a safety net for the elderly, unemployed, and disadvantaged.
• It included unemployment insurance and old-age pensions.

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

• The aim was to promote rural electrification.
• The project oversaw the distribution of electricity to rural areas, improving living standards.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

• Protected bank depositors and instill confidence in the banking system following bank failures.
• Insured bank deposits, preventing loss in case of bank failures.

Significant Literature and Projects

• The Grapes of Wrath is a novel depicting the struggles of a migrant family during the Dust Bowl.
• The Manhattan Project was a top-secret initiative that developed the first atomic bombs and marking a significant technological and military advancement.

Battle of Britain

• This was an air campaign the Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe.
• British victory prevented a German invasion.

Battle of Okinawa

• One of the bloodiest battles in the Pacific Theater.
• It highlighted intensity and brutality of the Pacific conflict.

Operation Torch

• This was the Allied invasion of French North Africa.
• It enabled the Allies to launch subsequent invasions into Europe, including Italy.

Operation Overlord (D-Day)

• This was codenamed for the Normandy invasion.
• It marked the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany.

Strategy of Appeasement

• Used by Britain to avoid conflict with Nazi Germany.
• Considered a failed strategy that emboldened Hitler's aggression.

Lend-Lease Act

• This allowed the U.S. to supply Allied nations with vital war materials.
• Allies provided military bases to the U.S. in return.

Battle of the Atlantic

• This was the longest continuous military campaign of WWII.
• Allied naval forces against German U-boats.
• Control over the Atlantic Ocean was crucial for maintaining supply lines.

Neutrality Acts

• These acts made it illegal for Americans to engage in arms trade with warring nations.
• The intention was to keep the United States out of foreign conflicts.

Battle of the Bulge

• Event: A surprise German offensive.
• Result: An Allied victory that marked the last major German offensive of the war.

Battle of Midway

• Conflict: A pivotal American naval victory over Japan.
• Significance: It turned the tide in the Pacific in favor of the Allies.

Kamikaze Attacks

• Tactic: Japanese suicide pilots crashing planes into enemy ships.
• Impact: Demonstrated the desperation and resolve of Japanese forces.