The New Deal Overview

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What was the purpose of the Emergency Banking Act (EBA)?

To facilitate the reopening of banks (correct)

To create jobs through public works

To regulate the stock market

To provide direct cash payments to citizens

Which of the following acts aimed to assist farmers in the 1930s?

Social Security Act (1935)

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Farm Relief Act (FRA) (correct)

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

What was a characteristic of the Second New Deal introduced in 1935?

It largely ignored the needs of women and minorities

It required the immediate disbandment of federal programs

It emphasized regulation and social welfare (correct)

It focused solely on industrial recovery

What was the main aim of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?

To promote conservation and infrastructure projects Signup and view all the answers

What significant role did the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) play?

Ensuring full disclosure in financial markets Signup and view all the answers

The Social Security Act of 1935 primarily aimed to provide support for which groups?

Aged, infirm, and unemployed individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which act was enacted to provide funds for the development and electrification in Tennessee?

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Signup and view all the answers

Which act was established to improve equity and parity through funding local and state relief organizations?

Emergency Relief Administration (ERA) Signup and view all the answers

Which act focused on providing jobs through public works projects during the New Deal?

Works Progress Act (WPA) Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the National Recovery Administration (NRA)?

To promote fair competition and labor standards Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of the consumer revolution during the 1920s?

A rise in clothing sales by 427% Signup and view all the answers

Which film is recognized as one of the earliest blockbusters in Hollywood?

Birth of A Nation Signup and view all the answers

What was introduced in 1930 to regulate content in films?

The Hays Code Signup and view all the answers

What mode of transport saw the most significant increase in the 1920s, impacting consumerism?

Air travel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of mass advertising during the period?

Focused on the upper class exclusively Signup and view all the answers

Which social movement opposed the growing influence of immigrants and emphasized a return to traditional values?

Religious Fundamentalism Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable change in sports viewership by 1926?

Increase in attendance at boxing matches Signup and view all the answers

How did the construction industry reflect social status during this period?

Showed power and prestige with skyscrapers Signup and view all the answers

Which advertising medium gained significant traction during the rise of consumerism in the 1920s?

Radio advertisements Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of road improvements and truck transport by 1929?

Enhanced demand for mail order and supply Signup and view all the answers

What event triggered the official entry of the US into World War II?

The bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment was prevalent in the US before Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?

Isolationism and resistance to foreign conflicts Signup and view all the answers

What made it difficult for President Roosevelt to act against European dictators before the attack on Pearl Harbor?

Strong support for neutral policies Signup and view all the answers

How did anti-foreigner sentiment relate to the US approach to World War II?

It fueled isolationist policies and reluctance to engage in war. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor that allowed Roosevelt to take the US to war after the attack on Pearl Harbor?

Broad support from the American population Signup and view all the answers

What was a major reason for the rise of anti-immigration sentiments in the post-war period?

The belief that immigrants caused urban problems Signup and view all the answers

Which act introduced a quota system for immigration in 1921?

1921 Emergency Quota Act Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Palmer Raids?

Detention and deportation of suspected radicals Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the Sacco and Vanzetti trial end with their execution?

1927 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the American Plan during the 1920s?

To drive down union membership Signup and view all the answers

How did public perception of unionism change after WWI?

It was seen as tied to communism and thus un-American. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Boston Police Strike?

Significant government intervention and unrest Signup and view all the answers

What represents the concept of welfare capitalism?

Incorporation of social welfare policies in capitalism Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant effect of the Great Steel Strike of 1919?

Increased strikes in other industries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Undesirable Aliens Act 1929 is correct?

It criminalized any border crossing outside designated ports. Signup and view all the answers

Which major event is often associated with the beginning of the Red Scare in the United States?

Russian Revolution Signup and view all the answers

What was a common misconception about unionism in the post-WWI era?

All union members were anti-American. Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary focus of the 1924 Johnson-Reed Act?

To significantly reduce immigration from Eastern Europe. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932?

To protect employees' rights to join Trade Unions Signup and view all the answers

Which event involved the beatings of protestors by Henry Ford's security guards?

Battle of the Overpass Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of Prohibition from 1920 to 1933?

Rise of organized crime and black market activity Signup and view all the answers

What did the National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) primarily address?

Fair wages and collective bargaining rights Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the consequence of the Memorial Day massacre?

It highlighted police prejudice against union members Signup and view all the answers

What event marked a significant rise in KKK membership in the early 1920s?

The Great Migration Signup and view all the answers

What was a common misconception about the economic impact of Prohibition?

Prohibition led to a decrease in organized crime. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant failures of enforcement during Prohibition?

Corruption among Treasury agents Signup and view all the answers

Which group was not typically aligned with supporters of Prohibition?

Migrants with more relaxed attitudes Signup and view all the answers

What was the principal objective of the 18th Amendment?

Ban the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The New Deal

The New Deal was a series of programs and reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression.
It aimed to provide relief for struggling Americans, recover the economy, and reform the financial system.

Major Programs

The Emergency Banking Act reopened banks after a bank holiday.
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) employed men in environmental projects like irrigation and construction.
The Emergency Relief Administration (ERA) provided grants to local and state relief organizations.
The Public Works Administration (PWA) funded public works projects to create jobs.
The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) regulated the stock market and provided transparency for investors.
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) funded development and electrification projects in the Tennessee Valley.
The Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) refinanced home mortgages to prevent foreclosures.
The Social Security Act provided retirement pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to the disabled. It was the basis of the Second New Deal.

Second New Deal

The Second New Deal, begun in 1935, aimed to provide comprehensive social welfare and further regulate the economy.
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) funded public works projects and employed millions of Americans.
The Social Security Act implemented a permanent system of social insurance.

Societal Transformations

The roaring 1920s saw significant advancements in technology and consumerism.
The rise of mass production industries like automobile manufacturing and the increasing availability of electricity transformed everyday life.
The growth of chain stores, mail order businesses, and mass advertising fueled the emergence of a consumer culture.

Transportation

The rise of the automobile and airplane transformed transportation, making travel more accessible for Americans.
The proliferation of trucks facilitated the growth of the mail-order industry and a consumer revolution.

Construction

Industrial growth led to a boom in construction of factories, office buildings, and skyscrapers.
The construction industry was driven by the influx of wealth and the prestige associated with large-scale projects.

Shopping

Chain stores and mass production brought increased availability of goods and standardized sizes, particularly in clothing.
Improved connectivity and the use of trucks allowed for the exponential growth of the mail order industry.

Media

Newspapers and magazines expanded their reach and circulation, embracing a more sensationalized style.
The film industry boomed, with Hollywood producing countless films, including comedies and blockbusters.
The Hays Code, introduced in 1930, regulated film content by censoring explicit themes such as nudity, profanity, and miscegenation.

Sport

Professional sports became a major and profitable industry, with baseball and professional boxing gaining immense popularity.

The roaring 1920s saw a number of social tensions arising from issues such as immigration, religious fundamentalism, prohibition, crime, and racial conflict.

Religious Fundamentalism

Fundamentalism, a literal interpretation of religious texts, saw a resurgence in the U.S. during the 1920s, especially in the South.
It gained momentum through revivalism and evangelicalism, often promoting traditional values and opposing modernization and secularism.
The Scopes Trial, also known as the Monkey Trial, centred on the conflict between fundamentalists and those who supported the teaching of evolution in schools. It highlighted the growing divide between rural and urban Americans.

Immigration Restrictions

After the First World War, anti-immigrant sentiment grew, driven by concerns about economic competition, cultural differences, and fear of radicalism.
A series of legislative reforms led to quotas being imposed on immigration, significantly restricting the number of immigrants allowed into the U.S.
These restrictions targeted specific groups, particularly those from eastern Europe and Asia.

Anti-Communism

The Red Scare, fueled by the 1917 Russian Revolution and fears of communist infiltration, swept through the U.S.
The Palmer Raids, conducted by Attorney General Mitchell Palmer, targeted suspected radicals and communists, often leading to mass arrests and deportations.
The Sacco and Vanzetti trial, a highly publicized case involving two Italian immigrants accused of murder, highlighted the anxieties and prejudices of the time, sparking outrage and sparking a debate on the role of the judiciary in protecting due process.

Anti-Unionism

The 1920s saw a sustained attack on labor unions, with employers using various tactics to undermine union organizing efforts, including open shop policies and yellow-dog contracts.
The conflation of unionism with communism bolstered anti-union sentiments and contributed to a climate of distrust and fear.

Racism

The Great Migration, the mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North and Midwest, led to increased racial tension.
Race riots erupted in numerous cities, and lynchings, though on the decline, continued to be a horrific reality, particularly in the South.

Prohibition

The 18th Amendment to the Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
The Volstead Act enforced Prohibition, but it was widely resisted, leading to the rise of a black market and organized crime.
It also fueled social divisions, pitting supporters (the Dry) against opponents (the Wets).
Prohibition's failures included enforcement difficulties, widespread corruption, and the rise of dangerous bootlegging activities.

American Isolationism

The US experienced overwhelming support for isolationism after World War I, rejecting President Woodrow Wilson's internationalist ideals and decisions to not join the League of Nations.
The 1930s Depression further strengthened isolationism, minimizing aid and support for neutrality as a result.

American Concerns About Japan in the Pacific

Anti-foreigner sentiment in the US during the 1930s was fueled partially by the threat of communism, known as the Red Scare.
President Roosevelt's efforts to take action against Japanese expansion in the Pacific during this time were limited because of the strong isolationist sentiment in the country.
Public support for entering World War II did not come until Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

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Description

This quiz covers the key programs and reforms of the New Deal initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. Test your knowledge of the Emergency Banking Act, Civilian Conservation Corps, and other major initiatives aimed at economic recovery and relief.