The Nervous System Organization
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a function of the Nervous System?

  • Only Production of Hormones
  • Only Regulating Body Temperature
  • Sensory, Integrative, and Motor (correct)
  • Only Growth and Development

    • What is the main function of Neuroglia cells?

  • To support, nourish, and protect (correct)
  • To produce hormones
  • To transmit signals
  • To receive chemical messages

    • What is the structure where chemical messages are received in a neuron?

  • Cell Body
  • Dendrite (correct)
  • Axon
  • Nucleus

    • What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) composed of?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Integrative function of the Nervous System?

    <p>To process and analyze sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the axon?

    <p>To transmit information away from the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the multilayered lipid and protein covering that speeds up signal conduction?

    <p>Myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neuron has several dendrites and one axon?

    <p>Multipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the electrical signal that travels along the cell membrane of a neuron?

    <p>Action Potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neuron is responsible for transmitting information from sensory receptors to the CNS?

    <p>Sensory Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the swollen ends of some axon terminals?

    <p>Synaptic End Bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the axons in the sensory tracts of the spinal cord?

    <p>Conducting action potentials toward the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain stem contains centres for the control of heart rate and blood pressure?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the region in the spinal cord that contains sympathetic nuclei?

    <p>Lateral horn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the motor tracts in the spinal cord?

    <p>Conducting action potentials away from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is continuous with the spinal cord?

    <p>Brain stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that extends through the brain stem?

    <p>Reticular formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of C1-C7 spinal nerves?

    <p>They exit the spine above their corresponding vertebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the posterior root ganglion?

    <p>Contain cell bodies of sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a subdivision of the PNS?

    <p>Central Nervous System (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anterior root?

    <p>Bundle of motor axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of connective tissue that covers the spinal nerve?

    <p>Epineurium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal nerve exits between C7 and T1 vertebrae?

    <p>C8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a peripheral sensory receptor?

    <p>To detect stimuli and transmit signals to the dorsal root ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the axon after it enters the dorsal horn?

    <p>It synapses with an interneuron which then synapses with a motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motor output involves axons from the motor tract synapsing with somatic motor neurons?

    <p>Somatic motor output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pathway for sensory input?

    <p>Through the ventral horn to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the axon that crosses over into the white matter of the opposite side?

    <p>To travel up to the brain as part of a sensory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination of the axons that travel through the lateral gray horn and the anterior root?

    <p>Spinal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an axon in a neuron?

    <p>To transmit information away from the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for neurons that have several dendrites and one axon?

    <p>Multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myelin in neurons?

    <p>To speed up signal conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the electrical signal that travels along the cell membrane of a neuron?

    <p>Action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sensory neurons?

    <p>To transmit information from sensory receptors to the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for neurons that have one main dendrite and one axon?

    <p>Bipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?

    <p>To control subconscious contraction of skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the limbic system is involved in emotional function, especially fear?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the meninges that covers the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Dura mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?

    <p>31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hippocampus in the limbic system?

    <p>To convert short-term memory to long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane?

    <p>Subdural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

    <p>To monitor and control automatic body functions, such as heart rate and digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) responsible for?

    <p>Initiating the 'fight or flight' response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system (PaNS)?

    <p>To promote rest and digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity?

    <p>Autonomic tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures receives only sympathetic innervation?

    <p>Sweat glands and arrector pilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS)?

    <p>To monitor and control gastrointestinal functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the synaptic cleft in a chemical synapse?

    <p>To separate the pre-synaptic neuron from the post-synaptic neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synapse is faster and allows for synchronization of function?

    <p>Electrical synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

    <p>To form the myelin sheath of CNS neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS?

    <p>Ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of astrocytes in the CNS?

    <p>To help form the blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the clear, colorless fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microglia in the CNS?

    <p>To phagocytize microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bundle of axons in the CNS?

    <p>Tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cauda equina in the spinal cord?

    <p>To contain the roots of the spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the white matter surrounding the grey matter in the spinal cord?

    <p>White matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination of the sensory input that travels up to the brain as part of a sensory tract?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the axon that enters the dorsal horn and synapses with an interneuron?

    <p>Initiating a spinal reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route taken by axons that synapse with somatic motor neurons in the ventral horn?

    <p>Ventral root to spinal nerve to skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motor output involves axons from the motor tract synapsing with autonomic motor neurons in the lateral horn?

    <p>Autonomic motor output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination of the axons that travel through the lateral gray horn and the anterior root?

    <p>Spinal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord?

    <p>Modulation of spinal reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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