63 Questions
Which of the following is a function of the Nervous System?
Sensory, Integrative, and Motor
What is the main function of Neuroglia cells?
To support, nourish, and protect
What is the structure where chemical messages are received in a neuron?
Dendrite
What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) composed of?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the function of the Integrative function of the Nervous System?
To process and analyze sensory information
What is the primary function of the axon?
To transmit information away from the cell body
What is the term for the multilayered lipid and protein covering that speeds up signal conduction?
Myelin
What type of neuron has several dendrites and one axon?
Multipolar
What is the term for the electrical signal that travels along the cell membrane of a neuron?
Action Potential
What type of neuron is responsible for transmitting information from sensory receptors to the CNS?
Sensory Neuron
What is the term for the swollen ends of some axon terminals?
Synaptic End Bulb
What is the primary function of the axons in the sensory tracts of the spinal cord?
Conducting action potentials toward the brain
Which part of the brain stem contains centres for the control of heart rate and blood pressure?
Medulla oblongata
What is the name of the region in the spinal cord that contains sympathetic nuclei?
Lateral horn
What is the primary function of the motor tracts in the spinal cord?
Conducting action potentials away from the brain
Which part of the brain is continuous with the spinal cord?
Brain stem
What is the name of the structure that extends through the brain stem?
Reticular formation
What is the characteristic of C1-C7 spinal nerves?
They exit the spine above their corresponding vertebra
What is the function of the posterior root ganglion?
Contain cell bodies of sensory neurons
Which of the following is NOT a subdivision of the PNS?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What is the function of the anterior root?
Bundle of motor axons
What is the outermost layer of connective tissue that covers the spinal nerve?
Epineurium
Which spinal nerve exits between C7 and T1 vertebrae?
C8
What is the primary function of a peripheral sensory receptor?
To detect stimuli and transmit signals to the dorsal root ganglion
What happens to the axon after it enters the dorsal horn?
It synapses with an interneuron which then synapses with a motor neuron
What type of motor output involves axons from the motor tract synapsing with somatic motor neurons?
Somatic motor output
Which of the following is NOT a pathway for sensory input?
Through the ventral horn to the brain
What is the function of the axon that crosses over into the white matter of the opposite side?
To travel up to the brain as part of a sensory tract
What is the destination of the axons that travel through the lateral gray horn and the anterior root?
Spinal nerve
What is the function of an axon in a neuron?
To transmit information away from the cell body
What is the term for neurons that have several dendrites and one axon?
Multipolar neurons
What is the function of myelin in neurons?
To speed up signal conduction
What is the term for the electrical signal that travels along the cell membrane of a neuron?
Action potential
What is the function of sensory neurons?
To transmit information from sensory receptors to the CNS
What is the term for neurons that have one main dendrite and one axon?
Bipolar neurons
What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?
To control subconscious contraction of skeletal muscles
Which part of the limbic system is involved in emotional function, especially fear?
Amygdala
What is the outermost layer of the meninges that covers the brain and spinal cord?
Dura mater
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?
31
What is the function of the hippocampus in the limbic system?
To convert short-term memory to long-term memory
What is the name of the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane?
Subdural space
What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
To monitor and control automatic body functions, such as heart rate and digestion
What is the sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) responsible for?
Initiating the 'fight or flight' response
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system (PaNS)?
To promote rest and digestion
What is the term for the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity?
Autonomic tone
Which of the following structures receives only sympathetic innervation?
Sweat glands and arrector pilli
What is the function of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS)?
To monitor and control gastrointestinal functions
What is the function of the synaptic cleft in a chemical synapse?
To separate the pre-synaptic neuron from the post-synaptic neuron
What type of synapse is faster and allows for synchronization of function?
Electrical synapse
What is the function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?
To form the myelin sheath of CNS neurons
What is the term for the cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS?
Ganglion
What is the function of astrocytes in the CNS?
To help form the blood-brain barrier
What is the term for the clear, colorless fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What is the function of microglia in the CNS?
To phagocytize microbes
What is the term for the bundle of axons in the CNS?
Tract
What is the function of the cauda equina in the spinal cord?
To contain the roots of the spinal nerves
What is the term for the white matter surrounding the grey matter in the spinal cord?
White matter
What is the destination of the sensory input that travels up to the brain as part of a sensory tract?
Brain
What is the function of the axon that enters the dorsal horn and synapses with an interneuron?
Initiating a spinal reflex
What is the route taken by axons that synapse with somatic motor neurons in the ventral horn?
Ventral root to spinal nerve to skeletal muscle
What type of motor output involves axons from the motor tract synapsing with autonomic motor neurons in the lateral horn?
Autonomic motor output
What is the destination of the axons that travel through the lateral gray horn and the anterior root?
Spinal nerve
What is the function of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord?
Modulation of spinal reflexes
Learn about the organization of the nervous system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as the functions of the nervous system and the different types of nervous tissue. This quiz covers the basics of the nervous system, including neuroglia and neurons.
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