The Nervous system

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following accurately describes the structural composition of a nerve?

  • A network of dendrites relaying signals to the brain.
  • A single axon connecting two neurons directly.
  • A cluster of neurotransmitters facilitating synaptic transmission.
  • A large bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue. (correct)

What is the primary role of neurotransmitters at a synapse?

  • To provide structural support to the synaptic cleft.
  • To maintain the resting membrane potential of the neuron.
  • To transmit neural signals across the synapse. (correct)
  • To regulate the blood flow to the brain.

If a patient exhibits impaired respiratory function, which part of the brainstem is most likely affected?

  • Medulla (correct)
  • Hypothalamus
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum

What is the main function of proprioceptors?

<p>Maintaining the position of the body and its parts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Damage to which structure would most likely affect a person's sense of taste?

<p>Gustatory receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the hypothalamus facilitate communication between the nervous and endocrine systems?

<p>By linking the nervous and endocrine systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological process is directly influenced by oxytocin?

<p>Stimulation of smooth muscle contraction in the uterus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is deficient in individuals with diabetes insipidus?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is most directly associated with Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Pancreas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjunctiva and where is it located?

<p>a moist mucous membrane that extends as a continuous lining of the inner layer of the eyelids and covers the sclera (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central nervous system includes which of the following?

<p>both the brain and the spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cranial nerves?

<p>They transmit information to the brain from sensory receptors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do muscle spindles play in maintaining body position?

<p>They detect muscle movement and position. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sclera?

<p>is covered by the conjunctive, a moist mucous membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paired adrenal glands?

<p>are small yellow masses of tissue located above the kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions is regulated by the vasomotor center located in the medulla?

<p>Regulation of blood vessel diameter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the meninges?

<p>To cover the brain and spinal cord. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thermoreceptors?

<p>Allow us to recognize cold, cool, warm and hot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pituitary gland?

<p>At least seven distinct hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second largest part of the brain?

<p>The cerebellum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

CNS and PNS

The two main divisions of the nervous system.

Axon

Transmits messages from a cell to another neuron, muscle, or gland.

Nerve

A large bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue.

Resting Potential

The membrane potential in a resting neuron.

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Synapse

Junction between two neurons or a neuron and a muscle/gland.

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Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse.

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Brainstem

Medulla, pons, and midbrain.

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Medulla

Contains vital centers for cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory functions.

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Cerebrum

The largest and most prominent part of the human brain.

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Cerebellum

Second largest part of the brain.

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Meninges

Three connective tissues covering the brain and spinal cord.

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Cranial Nerves

Transmit information to the brain from sensory receptors.

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Thermoreceptors

Free nerve endings that recognize cold, cool, warm, and hot.

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Proprioceptors

Help maintain body position; detect muscle movement.

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Muscle Spindles

Detect muscle movement.

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Conjunctiva

Moist mucous membrane covering the sclera and lining the eyelids.

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Middle Ear

Moist cavity in the temporal bone containing air and three small bones.

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Gustation

The sense of taste.

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Hypothalamus

Links the nervous and endocrine systems.

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Oxytocin

Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus.

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Study Notes

  • The nervous system's two main divisions are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  • The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
  • A single axon transmits messages from a cell toward another neuron, muscle, or gland.
  • A nerve is a large bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue.
  • The membrane potential in a resting neuron is its resting potential.
  • A synapse is a junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle or gland.
  • Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers transmitting neural signals across the synapse, signaling other neurons, muscles, or glands.
  • The brainstem is made up of the medulla, pons, and midbrain
  • The medulla contains vital centers, including cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers.
  • The cerebrum is the largest and most prominent part of the human brain.
  • The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain.
  • The three connective tissues covering the brain and spinal cord are the meninges.
  • Cranial nerves transmit information to the brain from sensory receptors.
  • Thermoreceptors are free nerve endings that allow recognition of cold, cool, warm, and hot.
  • Proprioceptors help in maintaining the position of the body and its parts, with muscle spindles detecting muscle movement.
  • The sclera is covered by the conjunctiva, a moist mucous membrane lining the inner layer of the eyelids.
  • The middle ear is a moist cavity in the temporal bone containing air and three small bones.
  • Gustation is the sense of taste.
  • The hypothalamus links the nervous and endocrine systems.
  • The pituitary gland, sometimes called the "master gland," secretes at least seven distinct hormones.
  • Oxytocin stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus.
  • ADH deficiency can lead to diabetes insipidus.
  • The main thyroid hormone, thyroxine, is also known as T4.
  • Diabetes Mellitus is the main disorder associated with pancreatic hormones.
  • The paired adrenal glands are small yellow masses of tissue located above the kidneys.

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