The Nervous System Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the central nervous system?

Brain and Spinal Cord

What is the peripheral nervous system?

All parts of the nervous system that aren't Brain and Spinal Cord

Which part of the nervous system includes nerves?

The Peripheral Nervous System

Which part of the nervous system acts as a control center?

Central Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system includes your brain and spinal cord?

Central Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system connects all areas of your body to the brain and spinal cord?

Peripheral Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What are nerve cells specialized to receive and conduct?

Electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What are electrical messages that may travel at speeds between 150 m/s and 0.2 m/s?

Impulses Signup and view all the answers

What allows neurons to receive information?

Dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What is a long fiber that transmits information to other cells?

Axon Signup and view all the answers

What contains cell organelles and the nucleus?

Cell Body Signup and view all the answers

What is the tip of each branch of an axon called?

Axon Terminal Signup and view all the answers

What are specialized nerve endings on sensory neurons that detect changes inside and outside the body called?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What are neurons that send impulses from the brain and spinal cord to other systems called?

Motor Neurons Signup and view all the answers

What do nerves not contain?

Muscle Fiber Signup and view all the answers

Nerves may contain the axons of both _ and _ neurons.

Sensory, Motor Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system?

Sensory Neurons and Motor Neurons Signup and view all the answers

What part of the peripheral nervous system is composed of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

The motor part Signup and view all the answers

What is under your conscious control?

Somatic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What controls digestion and heart rate?

The Autonomic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

The Autonomic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is used for writing, talking, and other voluntary movements?

Somatic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What maintains a stable internal environment?

Autonomic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest organ of the central nervous system?

The Brain Signup and view all the answers

Is digestion voluntary or involuntary?

Involuntary Signup and view all the answers

Is moving your arm voluntary or involuntary?

Voluntary Signup and view all the answers

Are body processes that happen automatically voluntary or involuntary?

Involuntary Signup and view all the answers

What are the three connected parts of the brain?

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and the Medulla Signup and view all the answers

Where are most memories stored?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Which hemisphere of the cerebrum controls the right hand?

The left hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain keeps track of your body's position?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What are your body's involuntary processes controlled by?

The Medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the spinal cord protected by?

Vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is the spinal cord made of?

Neurons and Bundles of Axons Signup and view all the answers

What do nerve fibers in your spinal cord allow your brain to communicate with?

Your Peripheral Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

A spinal cord injury may block all information to and from the?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible effect of a spinal cord injury?

Block all sensory impulses to feet and legs Signup and view all the answers

What are two ways to help prevent spinal cord injuries?

Wearing a seat belt, or wearing proper sports equipment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Overview

Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, acting as the control center.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes all nerves not found in the CNS, connecting body parts to the brain and spinal cord.

Neurons and Impulses

Neurons are specialized nerve cells that receive and conduct electrical impulses.
Impulses are electrical messages that can travel at speeds of 150 m/s or as slowly as 0.2 m/s.
Dendrites allow neurons to receive information; axons transmit information to other cells.
Cell bodies contain organelles and the nucleus, supporting neuron function.
Axon terminals are the tips of axons where neurotransmission occurs.

Types of Neurons

Motor neurons send impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands.
Sensory neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS.
Nerves contain axons from both sensory and motor neurons.
Receptors are specialized nerve endings in sensory neurons that detect environmental changes.

Peripheral Nervous System Components

The PNS comprises sensory and motor neurons.
The motor part of the PNS includes the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems.
The Somatic Nervous System controls voluntary actions like writing and talking.
The Autonomic Nervous System regulates involuntary processes such as digestion and heart rate.
Homeostasis is maintained by the Autonomic Nervous System, which balances sympathetic and parasympathetic responses.

Brain Structure and Function

The brain is the largest organ of the CNS, crucial for processing and memory storage.
The cerebrum is responsible for most memories and higher cognitive functions.
The left hemisphere of the cerebrum controls movements of the right hand.
The cerebellum monitors body position and coordination, while the medulla controls involuntary processes.

Spinal Cord Details

The spinal cord, protected by vertebrae, is composed of neurons and axon bundles.
It facilitates communication between the brain and the PNS.
Spinal cord injuries can block communication pathways, potentially halting sensory impulses from the lower body.

Prevention and Effects of Injuries

To prevent spinal cord injuries, wearing seat belts and proper sports equipment are recommended.
Spinal cord injuries can lead to loss of sensory information or motor function, notably affecting the legs and feet.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the nervous system with these flashcards covering the central and peripheral nervous systems. Each card provides definitions and key concepts that are essential for understanding how our body's nervous system functions. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences.