Podcast
Questions and Answers
Damage to which part of the brain would most likely impair a person's ability to maintain balance and coordination while learning a new dance?
Damage to which part of the brain would most likely impair a person's ability to maintain balance and coordination while learning a new dance?
- Frontal lobe
- Hypothalamus
- Medulla oblongata
- Cerebellum (correct)
Which of the following accurately describes the functional difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
Which of the following accurately describes the functional difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
- Afferent neurons act locally within the brain while efferent neurons link distinct areas of the brain.
- Afferent neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, while efferent neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. (correct)
- Afferent neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles, while efferent neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.
- Afferent neurons connect to other neurons, while efferent neurons connect to muscles.
Which of the following accurately pairs a cerebral lobe with its primary function?
Which of the following accurately pairs a cerebral lobe with its primary function?
- Frontal lobe: Decision-making (correct)
- Temporal lobe: Visual processing
- Parietal lobe: Motor control
- Occipital lobe: Auditory processing
If someone touches a hot stove, which of the following describes the correct sequence of components involved in the reflex arc that causes them to quickly pull their hand away?
If someone touches a hot stove, which of the following describes the correct sequence of components involved in the reflex arc that causes them to quickly pull their hand away?
A patient reports difficulty distinguishing between different smells. Which type of sensory receptor is most likely affected?
A patient reports difficulty distinguishing between different smells. Which type of sensory receptor is most likely affected?
What would be the most likely effect of damage to the myelin sheath surrounding axons?
What would be the most likely effect of damage to the myelin sheath surrounding axons?
Which part of the brain plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst?
Which part of the brain plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst?
Which of the layers of the meninges is closest to the surface of the brain?
Which of the layers of the meninges is closest to the surface of the brain?
Someone is having trouble with their vision, specifically with seeing objects that are far away, and the doctor tells them that they are near-sighted. What is the more formal, medical term for this condition?
Someone is having trouble with their vision, specifically with seeing objects that are far away, and the doctor tells them that they are near-sighted. What is the more formal, medical term for this condition?
Which type of cell in the nervous system is responsible for providing support and anchoring neurons in place?
Which type of cell in the nervous system is responsible for providing support and anchoring neurons in place?
Which region of the brainstem is primarily responsible for regulating breathing?
Which region of the brainstem is primarily responsible for regulating breathing?
The cochlea is vital for hearing. What is contained within this bony, snail-shaped structure that is critical for this?
The cochlea is vital for hearing. What is contained within this bony, snail-shaped structure that is critical for this?
What is the main function of the nodes of Ranvier, the gaps between Schwann cells along the axon of a neuron?
What is the main function of the nodes of Ranvier, the gaps between Schwann cells along the axon of a neuron?
Which of the following components found in tears provides protection against bacterial infections on the surface of the eye?
Which of the following components found in tears provides protection against bacterial infections on the surface of the eye?
Within the eye, cones and rods are photoreceptors with distinct functions. What is the primary role of the cone photoreceptors?
Within the eye, cones and rods are photoreceptors with distinct functions. What is the primary role of the cone photoreceptors?
Flashcards
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
Neurons
Neurons
Nerve cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals.
Neuroglia
Neuroglia
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Neuron Cell Body
Neuron Cell Body
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Axons
Axons
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Dendrites
Dendrites
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Afferent Neurons
Afferent Neurons
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Efferent Neurons
Efferent Neurons
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Interneurons
Interneurons
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Myelin Sheath
Myelin Sheath
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Nodes of Ranvier
Nodes of Ranvier
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Astrocytes
Astrocytes
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Cerebrum
Cerebrum
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Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
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Cerebral Medulla
Cerebral Medulla
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Basal Nuclei
Basal Nuclei
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Frontal Lobe Function
Frontal Lobe Function
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Parietal Lobe Function
Parietal Lobe Function
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Occipital Lobe Function
Occipital Lobe Function
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Temporal Lobe Function
Temporal Lobe Function
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Brain Meninges
Brain Meninges
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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
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Diencephalon Structures
Diencephalon Structures
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Hypothalamus Function
Hypothalamus Function
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Pons Function
Pons Function
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Midbrain Function
Midbrain Function
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Medulla Oblongata Functions
Medulla Oblongata Functions
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Cerebellum Function
Cerebellum Function
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Reflex Arc Elements
Reflex Arc Elements
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Sensory Receptor Types
Sensory Receptor Types
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Conjunctiva
Conjunctiva
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Tears Function
Tears Function
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Cornea Function
Cornea Function
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Eye Light Regulators
Eye Light Regulators
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Iris
Iris
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Vitreous Humor
Vitreous Humor
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Photoreceptor Types
Photoreceptor Types
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Myopia
Myopia
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Hyperopia
Hyperopia
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Eardrum
Eardrum
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Cochlea
Cochlea
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Maculae Function
Maculae Function
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Smell and Taste Receptors
Smell and Taste Receptors
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Study Notes
- The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
- Neurons and neuroglia are the two primary types of nerve cells.
- The parasympathetic nervous system helps calm the body after an emergency.
- The cell body (soma) of a neuron houses the nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles.
- Axons transmit impulses away from the neuron's cell body.
- Dendrites conduct nerve impulses toward the neuron's cell body.
- Afferent neurons transmit impulses toward the central nervous system.
- Efferent neurons carry impulses away from the central nervous system.
- Interneurons connect afferent and efferent neurons within the CNS.
- Myelin, a waxy insulation, encloses axons.
- Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath between Schwann cells.
- Astrocytes are cells that support and anchor neurons.
- The cerebrum, the largest part of the brain, is divided into right and left hemispheres.
- The cerebral cortex, cerebral medulla, and basal nuclei are the three major layers of the brain.
- The frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes are the four lobes of the cerebrum.
- The frontal lobe controls walking, reasoning, and decision-making.
- The parietal lobe governs pain and temperature sensation.
- The occipital lobe manages visual processing and memory of objects.
- The temporal lobe is responsible for vision and memory.
- The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are the three connective tissue layers protecting the CNS.
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cushions the brain, preventing contact with the skull.
- CSF is produced in the ventricles, spaces within the brain.
- The diencephalon includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland.
- The hypothalamus regulates hormones.
- The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
- The pons controls breathing.
- The midbrain manages body movement and posture.
- The medulla oblongata regulates heart rate, swallowing, and coughing.
- The cerebellum, located at the back of the skull, is the second-largest part of the brain.
- The cerebellum facilitates muscle memory after practicing a new sport or movement.
- The reflex arc consists of five elements: receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector.
- Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, pain receptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors are the five major types of sensory receptors.
- The conjunctiva is a thin membrane covering the eyeball's surface and the inner eyelids.
- Tears contain mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme.
- Tears function to lubricate and protect the eye.
- The cornea is a thick, transparent tissue that allows light into the eye.
- The iris and pupil regulate the amount of light entering the eye.
- The iris is the colored part of the eye.
- Vitreous fluid/humor is a jelly-like fluid that refracts light and fills the space between the lens and retina.
- Rods and cones are the two types of photoreceptors in the eye.
- Near-sightedness is also known as myopia.
- Far-sightedness is also known as hyperopia.
- The eardrum is also known as the tympanic membrane.
- The cochlea is a bony, snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with perilymph.
- Maculae are receptor cells in the cochlea that help maintain static equilibrium and provide information to keep the head upright.
- Smell and taste both utilize chemoreceptors.
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