Clinical Physiology 1+2
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Questions and Answers

Which level of organization is composed of one major type of cell?

  • Organ system level
  • Tissue level (correct)
  • Organ level
  • Cellular level

    • Which tissue type functions in protection, transport, absorption, secretion, and optimizing diffusion?

  • Muscular
  • Epithelial (correct)
  • Nervous
  • Connective

    • Which organ system is responsible for the physical, thermal, and chemical protection of the body?

  • Cardiovascular system
  • Nervous system
  • Respiratory system
  • GI system (correct)

    • Which tissue type is composed of thin cells that reduce the distance substances need to diffuse?

    <p>Epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of organization includes organs composed of varying quantities of tissue types?

    <p>Organ level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of organization includes the heart and lungs as major components?

    <p>Organ system level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type is responsible for the secretion or removal of wastes in the GI tract, kidney, and lung?

    <p>Epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells of the nervous system receive a stimulus from a neuron or a receptor dendrites?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells of the nervous system support neurons within the central nervous system?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells of the nervous system myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells of the nervous system clean up debris and detect microbial invaders/injury in the central nervous system?

    <p>Microglial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system is responsible for detecting and processing sensory information?

    <p>Nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system secretes hormones that impact metabolism, activity, and growth of most organs/systems?

    <p>Endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system delivers nutrients and oxygen to tissues and removes wastes?

    <p>Cardiovascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of dysfunction is most commonly responsible for disease?

    <p>Molecular level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between physical exam findings and lower level dysfunction?

    <p>Physical exam findings reflect lower level dysfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible physical exam finding in a patient with anemia?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for an increased heart rate in a patient with anemia?

    <p>Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following physical exam findings may indicate anemia due to destruction of red blood cells?

    <p>Jaundice or scleral icterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the yellow pigment seen in the sclera or skin in a patient with anemia due to destruction of red blood cells?

    <p>Hemoglobin breakdown products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can findings across multiple systems help establish a diagnosis or suggest further tests?

    <p>When the dysfunction affects multiple systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between adaptation of multiple organ systems and a cellular/tissue problem?

    <p>Adaptation of multiple organ systems suggests a cellular/tissue problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example of anemia, where were the physical exam findings best understood and explained?

    <p>At the molecular level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is responsible for movement in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is found in the heart and pumps blood?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is found in a wide variety of organs and has a wide variety of functions?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue detects a stimulus and relays it to the central nervous system?

    <p>Nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is responsible for the structural characteristics of connective tissue?

    <p>Fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue produces the matrix in connective tissue?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue has no epithelial lining and covers an organ or lines a joint?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the pulmonary system?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is pumped by the systemic circulation?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major muscle of ventilation in the pulmonary system?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas diffuses out of the blood in the pulmonary system?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas diffuses into the blood in the pulmonary system?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pH in capillary blood in the pulmonary system?

    <p>It gets higher and higher (alkaline)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pressure sensors detect changes in blood pressure in the cardiorespiratory apparatus?

    <p>Baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas sensors detect the levels of CO2 and O2 in the cardiorespiratory apparatus?

    <p>Chemoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the cardiorespiratory apparatus regulates respiratory rate based on emotional state, pain, and body temperature set-points?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a normal respiratory rate at rest?

    <p>Between 12 and 20 breaths/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels are responsible for delivering low-oxygen, high-CO2 blood to the right heart in the systemic circulation?

    <p>Veins and venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels allow tissues to extract oxygen from and deliver carbon dioxide to the blood in the systemic circulation?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels return high-oxygen, low-CO2 blood to the left heart in the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels deliver low-oxygen, high-CO2 blood to the lung in the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Pulmonary arteries + arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the heart applies high pressure to high-oxygen, low-CO2 blood in the systemic circulation?

    <p>Left heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the heart applies moderate pressure to low-oxygen, high-CO2 blood in the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Right heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the left ventricle in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Ejects a proportion into the arteries of the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the right ventricle in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Applies pressure to blood (ventricular systole)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels deliver blood from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels deliver blood from the veins of the vena cavae to the right atrium in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Veins and venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vessels conduct blood away from the heart to large organ/tissue 'beds'?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>CO = SV × HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure gradient responsible for?

    <p>Driving fluid flow from areas of high pressure to low pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels allow exchange of gases, nutrients, metabolites, and wastes between blood and tissues?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of exchange in capillaries in terms of between tissue and blood?

    <p>Both from tissue to blood and from blood to tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does arteriole constriction increase pressure in the larger arteries overall?

    <p>By limiting flow to many beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels feed capillary tissue beds?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the heart is responsible for applying pressure to blood and establishing the pressure gradient?

    <p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating flow (cardiac output or CO)?

    <p>Flow = SV × HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the job of the ventricles in fluid movement through tubular structures?

    <p>Apply pressure (potential energy) which is converted to kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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