Clinical Physiology 1+2

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Which level of organization is composed of one major type of cell?

Organ system level

Tissue level (correct)

Organ level

Cellular level

Which tissue type functions in protection, transport, absorption, secretion, and optimizing diffusion?

Muscular

Epithelial (correct)

Nervous

Connective

Which organ system is responsible for the physical, thermal, and chemical protection of the body?

Cardiovascular system

Nervous system

Respiratory system

GI system (correct)

Which tissue type is composed of thin cells that reduce the distance substances need to diffuse?

Epithelial Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization includes organs composed of varying quantities of tissue types?

Organ level Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization includes the heart and lungs as major components?

Organ system level Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type is responsible for the secretion or removal of wastes in the GI tract, kidney, and lung?

Epithelial Signup and view all the answers

Which cells of the nervous system receive a stimulus from a neuron or a receptor dendrites?

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which cells of the nervous system support neurons within the central nervous system?

Astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which cells of the nervous system myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Schwann cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cells of the nervous system clean up debris and detect microbial invaders/injury in the central nervous system?

Microglial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is responsible for detecting and processing sensory information?

Nervous Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system secretes hormones that impact metabolism, activity, and growth of most organs/systems?

Endocrine Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system delivers nutrients and oxygen to tissues and removes wastes?

Cardiovascular Signup and view all the answers

Which level of dysfunction is most commonly responsible for disease?

Molecular level Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between physical exam findings and lower level dysfunction?

Physical exam findings reflect lower level dysfunction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible physical exam finding in a patient with anemia?

Increased heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for an increased heart rate in a patient with anemia?

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physical exam findings may indicate anemia due to destruction of red blood cells?

Jaundice or scleral icterus Signup and view all the answers

What causes the yellow pigment seen in the sclera or skin in a patient with anemia due to destruction of red blood cells?

Hemoglobin breakdown products Signup and view all the answers

When can findings across multiple systems help establish a diagnosis or suggest further tests?

When the dysfunction affects multiple systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between adaptation of multiple organ systems and a cellular/tissue problem?

Adaptation of multiple organ systems suggests a cellular/tissue problem. Signup and view all the answers

In the example of anemia, where were the physical exam findings best understood and explained?

At the molecular level Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is responsible for movement in the musculoskeletal system?

Muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is found in the heart and pumps blood?

Muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is found in a wide variety of organs and has a wide variety of functions?

Muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue detects a stimulus and relays it to the central nervous system?

Nervous tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is responsible for the structural characteristics of connective tissue?

Fibres Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue produces the matrix in connective tissue?

Fibroblasts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue has no epithelial lining and covers an organ or lines a joint?

Connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the pulmonary system?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is pumped by the systemic circulation?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the major muscle of ventilation in the pulmonary system?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which gas diffuses out of the blood in the pulmonary system?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which gas diffuses into the blood in the pulmonary system?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pH in capillary blood in the pulmonary system?

It gets higher and higher (alkaline) Signup and view all the answers

Which pressure sensors detect changes in blood pressure in the cardiorespiratory apparatus?

Baroreceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which gas sensors detect the levels of CO2 and O2 in the cardiorespiratory apparatus?

Chemoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the cardiorespiratory apparatus regulates respiratory rate based on emotional state, pain, and body temperature set-points?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal respiratory rate at rest?

Between 12 and 20 breaths/min Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels are responsible for delivering low-oxygen, high-CO2 blood to the right heart in the systemic circulation?

Veins and venules Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels allow tissues to extract oxygen from and deliver carbon dioxide to the blood in the systemic circulation?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels return high-oxygen, low-CO2 blood to the left heart in the pulmonary circulation?

Pulmonary veins Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels deliver low-oxygen, high-CO2 blood to the lung in the pulmonary circulation?

Pulmonary arteries + arterioles Signup and view all the answers

Which side of the heart applies high pressure to high-oxygen, low-CO2 blood in the systemic circulation?

Left heart Signup and view all the answers

Which side of the heart applies moderate pressure to low-oxygen, high-CO2 blood in the pulmonary circulation?

Right heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the left ventricle in the cardiac cycle?

Ejects a proportion into the arteries of the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the right ventricle in the cardiac cycle?

Applies pressure to blood (ventricular systole) Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels deliver blood from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium in the cardiac cycle?

Pulmonary veins Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels deliver blood from the veins of the vena cavae to the right atrium in the cardiac cycle?

Veins and venules Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vessels conduct blood away from the heart to large organ/tissue 'beds'?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

CO = SV × HR Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure gradient responsible for?

Driving fluid flow from areas of high pressure to low pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels allow exchange of gases, nutrients, metabolites, and wastes between blood and tissues?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of exchange in capillaries in terms of between tissue and blood?

Both from tissue to blood and from blood to tissue Signup and view all the answers

Why does arteriole constriction increase pressure in the larger arteries overall?

By limiting flow to many beds Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels feed capillary tissue beds?

Arterioles Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the heart is responsible for applying pressure to blood and establishing the pressure gradient?

Ventricular systole Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating flow (cardiac output or CO)?

Flow = SV × HR Signup and view all the answers

What is the job of the ventricles in fluid movement through tubular structures?

Apply pressure (potential energy) which is converted to kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

Clinical Physiology 1+2

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Questions and Answers

Which level of organization is composed of one major type of cell?

Which tissue type functions in protection, transport, absorption, secretion, and optimizing diffusion?

Which organ system is responsible for the physical, thermal, and chemical protection of the body?

Which tissue type is composed of thin cells that reduce the distance substances need to diffuse?

Which level of organization includes organs composed of varying quantities of tissue types?

Which level of organization includes the heart and lungs as major components?

Which tissue type is responsible for the secretion or removal of wastes in the GI tract, kidney, and lung?

Which cells of the nervous system receive a stimulus from a neuron or a receptor dendrites?

Which cells of the nervous system support neurons within the central nervous system?

Which cells of the nervous system myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Which cells of the nervous system clean up debris and detect microbial invaders/injury in the central nervous system?

Which organ system is responsible for detecting and processing sensory information?

Which organ system secretes hormones that impact metabolism, activity, and growth of most organs/systems?

Which organ system delivers nutrients and oxygen to tissues and removes wastes?

Which level of dysfunction is most commonly responsible for disease?

What is the relationship between physical exam findings and lower level dysfunction?

Which of the following is a possible physical exam finding in a patient with anemia?

What is the reason for an increased heart rate in a patient with anemia?

Which of the following physical exam findings may indicate anemia due to destruction of red blood cells?

What causes the yellow pigment seen in the sclera or skin in a patient with anemia due to destruction of red blood cells?

When can findings across multiple systems help establish a diagnosis or suggest further tests?

What is the relationship between adaptation of multiple organ systems and a cellular/tissue problem?

In the example of anemia, where were the physical exam findings best understood and explained?

Which type of tissue is responsible for movement in the musculoskeletal system?

Which type of tissue is found in the heart and pumps blood?

Which type of tissue is found in a wide variety of organs and has a wide variety of functions?

Which type of tissue detects a stimulus and relays it to the central nervous system?

Which type of tissue is responsible for the structural characteristics of connective tissue?

Which type of tissue produces the matrix in connective tissue?

Which type of tissue has no epithelial lining and covers an organ or lines a joint?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the pulmonary system?

Which substance is pumped by the systemic circulation?

What is the major muscle of ventilation in the pulmonary system?

Which gas diffuses out of the blood in the pulmonary system?

Which gas diffuses into the blood in the pulmonary system?

What happens to the pH in capillary blood in the pulmonary system?

Which pressure sensors detect changes in blood pressure in the cardiorespiratory apparatus?

Which gas sensors detect the levels of CO2 and O2 in the cardiorespiratory apparatus?

Which region of the cardiorespiratory apparatus regulates respiratory rate based on emotional state, pain, and body temperature set-points?

What is considered a normal respiratory rate at rest?

Which vessels are responsible for delivering low-oxygen, high-CO2 blood to the right heart in the systemic circulation?

Which vessels allow tissues to extract oxygen from and deliver carbon dioxide to the blood in the systemic circulation?

Which vessels return high-oxygen, low-CO2 blood to the left heart in the pulmonary circulation?

Which vessels deliver low-oxygen, high-CO2 blood to the lung in the pulmonary circulation?

Which side of the heart applies high pressure to high-oxygen, low-CO2 blood in the systemic circulation?

Which side of the heart applies moderate pressure to low-oxygen, high-CO2 blood in the pulmonary circulation?

What is the role of the left ventricle in the cardiac cycle?

What is the role of the right ventricle in the cardiac cycle?

Which vessels deliver blood from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium in the cardiac cycle?

Which vessels deliver blood from the veins of the vena cavae to the right atrium in the cardiac cycle?

Which type of vessels conduct blood away from the heart to large organ/tissue 'beds'?

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

What is the pressure gradient responsible for?

Which vessels allow exchange of gases, nutrients, metabolites, and wastes between blood and tissues?

What is the direction of exchange in capillaries in terms of between tissue and blood?

Why does arteriole constriction increase pressure in the larger arteries overall?

Which vessels feed capillary tissue beds?

Which phase of the heart is responsible for applying pressure to blood and establishing the pressure gradient?

What is the formula for calculating flow (cardiac output or CO)?

What is the job of the ventricles in fluid movement through tubular structures?

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