Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the somatic nervous system?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the somatic nervous system?
- Voluntarily turning the pages of a book. (correct)
- Automatically digesting food after eating a meal.
- Feeling your heart race when you are scared.
- Withdrawaling your hand quickly after touching a hot pan.
During a stressful situation, such as narrowly avoiding a car accident, which part of the autonomic nervous system would be responsible for the initial surge in heart rate and alertness?
During a stressful situation, such as narrowly avoiding a car accident, which part of the autonomic nervous system would be responsible for the initial surge in heart rate and alertness?
- The parasympathetic nervous system
- The sympathetic nervous system (correct)
- The somatic nervous system
- The central nervous system
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in:
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in:
- Difficulty with balance and coordinated movements. (correct)
- Loss of sensation in the limbs.
- Inability to regulate involuntary functions like breathing.
- Impaired memory and decision-making abilities.
A patient has suffered a stroke affecting the temporal lobe. Which of the following functions would most likely be impaired?
A patient has suffered a stroke affecting the temporal lobe. Which of the following functions would most likely be impaired?
Information is transmitted to a neuron through the ________ and away from a neuron through the ________.
Information is transmitted to a neuron through the ________ and away from a neuron through the ________.
Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting information from your skin to your central nervous system when you touch something hot?
Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting information from your skin to your central nervous system when you touch something hot?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
After running a marathon, which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for returning your heart rate and breathing to their normal resting levels?
After running a marathon, which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for returning your heart rate and breathing to their normal resting levels?
Flashcards
Nervous System
Nervous System
Body's control system for maintaining balance and coordinating functions.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Comprises the brain and spinal cord, acting as the main processing hub.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Connects the CNS to the rest of the body, facilitating rapid communication.
Somatic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Neuron
Neuron
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Study Notes
The Nervous System
- The nervous system is the body's control system, responsible for homeostasis (equilibrium or balance).
- It directs and coordinates other bodily systems.
- The nervous system is divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- The brain is the main processing center, and the spinal cord connects the brain to all parts of the body.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- The PNS consists of all the nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
- It enables rapid communication between the brain and spinal cord and other parts of the body.
Subdivisions of the PNS
- The PNS is further divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
Somatic Nervous System
- Controls voluntary activities, such as walking or reaching for an object.
- Nerves travel from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System
- Controls involuntary processes, like heart rate, breathing, digestion, and sweating.
- It's further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Sympathetic Nervous System
- Activated during times of stress or the "fight or flight" response.
- Increases heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and releases adrenaline.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Controls the body during rest or relaxation.
- Decreases heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and promotes digestion.
The Brain
- Composed of three main sections: the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
Cerebrum
- Largest part of the brain.
- Responsible for memory, intelligence, language, and other conscious activities.
- Divided into four lobes: temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital.
Cerebellum
- Located at the back of the brain.
- Responsible for muscle coordination and balance.
- Athletes often have well-trained cerebellums.
Brainstem
- Connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord.
- Controls involuntary activities, like heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
The Neuron
- The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system.
- Also known as a nerve cell.
- They enable communication between different parts of the body, especially messages coming from the brain.
Neuron Structure
- Contains dendrites and axons.
- Information enters the neuron through the dendrites and leaves through the axon.
Types of Neurons
- Sensory neurons: Connect sensory organs to the CNS.
- Motor neurons: Connect the CNS to muscles.
- Interneurons (relay neurons): Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons.
Stimulus and Response
- Stimulus: Anything in the environment that causes a response from an organism.
- Response: The action of a body in response to a stimulus.
Processing Information
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Sensory information is received by sensory receptors.
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This information is transmitted to the CNS via sensory neurons.
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The CNS processes the information and decides on a response.
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The response is transmitted to the muscles through motor neurons.
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This process occurs very quickly (milliseconds).
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Description
The nervous system controls homeostasis and coordinates bodily systems. It's divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
