The Muscular System
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of calcium in muscle contraction?

  • It inhibits the release of myosin from actin filaments
  • It triggers the breakdown of ATP to provide energy
  • It triggers the binding of myosin to nearby actin filaments (correct)
  • It increases the strength of the muscle contraction

    • What is the name of the streak that bounds each sarcomere?

  • M line
  • Z line (correct)
  • H zone
  • I band

    • What is the name of the protein that makes up thin filaments?

  • Actin (correct)
  • Tropomyosin
  • Troponin
  • Myosin

    • What is the name of the theory that explains muscle contraction?

    <p>The sliding filament theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure formed when myosin binds to actin filaments?

    <p>Cross bridges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ATP in muscle contraction?

    <p>It provides energy for muscle contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that passes through the sarcoplasm?

    <p>Network of specialized channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of muscle fiber that is stimulated by a nerve fiber?

    <p>Skeletal muscle fiber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the epimysium in skeletal muscle organization?

    <p>To cover the entire muscle as a connective tissue sheath (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle originates from the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts into the humerus?

    <p>Unspecified (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the thin layer of connective tissue that envelops individual muscle cells?

    <p>Endomysium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

    <p>It causes lateral flexion of the lumbar region of the vertebral column (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the perimysium?

    <p>To regulate the release of calcium into the sarcoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group originates from the sacrum and inserts into the occipital bone?

    <p>Sacrospinalis (erector spinae) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendinous attachment of a muscle that is broad and flat?

    <p>Aponeurosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall?

    <p>Transversus abdominis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the connective tissue within the entire muscle?

    <p>To transmit the force of contraction from individual muscle cells to the skeleton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rectus abdominis muscle?

    <p>It is not mentioned in the content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Having several nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cytoplasm of muscle cells?

    <p>Sarcoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall on one side only?

    <p>It bends the trunk towards that side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of calcium in muscle contraction?

    <p>To release the contractile activity of the myofilaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the coracobrachialis muscle?

    <p>It flexes the shoulder joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the deltoid muscle?

    <p>It flexes the shoulder joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Tissue

    • There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle
    • Muscle tissue consists of specialized contractile cells (fibers)

    Skeletal Muscle

    • Skeletal muscles produce body movements
    • Each muscle consists of a fleshy part (made up of striped fibers) and tendinous parts (made up of fibrous tissue)
    • Tendinous attachments can be broad and flat (aponeurosis)
    • Muscles are arranged in groups, some of which are antagonistic to each other
    • To produce movement at a joint, a group of muscles contracts while the antagonists relax

    Skeletal Muscle Organization

    • Multiple layers of connective tissue within the muscle transmit the force of contraction from each individual muscle cell to its point of attachment to the skeleton
    • Epimysium: connective tissue sheath that covers the entire muscle
    • Perimysium: connective tissue sheath attached to each bundle
    • Endomysium: thin layer of connective tissue enveloping individual muscle cells

    Structure of a Skeletal Cell

    • Each cell has several nuclei found just below the cell membrane (sarcolemma)
    • Cytoplasm of muscle cells (sarcoplasm) is filled with:
      • Contractile filaments (actin and myosin)
      • Many mitochondria
      • Myoglobin (oxygen reserve)
    • Large intracellular stores of calcium, released into the sarcoplasm by nerve stimulation

    Contraction of Skeletal Muscle

    • Skeletal muscle contracts in response to stimulation of a nerve fiber
    • Synapse between a motor nerve and a skeletal muscle is called a neuromuscular junction
    • Calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actin, forming cross-bridges
    • ATP provides energy for the filaments to slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere
    • This is known as the sliding filament theory

    Muscles of Different Parts of the Body

    • Face: muscles involved in changing facial expression and movement of the lower jaw during chewing and speaking
    • Back: muscles involved in extension of the vertebral column (bending backwards)
    • Abdominal wall: 5 pairs of muscles that form the abdominal wall, including:
      • Rectus abdominis
      • External oblique
      • Internal oblique
      • Transversus abdominis
      • Quadratus lumborum

    Functions of Abdominal Muscles

    • Compress abdominal organs
    • Flex the vertebral column in the lumbar region
    • Contraction of muscles on one side only bends the trunk towards that side
    • Contraction of oblique muscles on one side rotates the trunk

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    Learn about the three types of muscle tissue, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle, and their functions in the human body.

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