T1 L17: Synaptic plasticity, 25/10/23, NS T1 L17: Synaptic plasticity, 25/10/23, NS
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Questions and Answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in the feedback mechanism from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron in long-term potentiation (LTP)?

  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin
  • Nitric Oxide (NO) (correct)
  • Acetylcholine
  • Which enzyme is activated by Nitric Oxide (NO) in the presynaptic terminal during LTP?

  • Phosphodiesterase
  • Acetylcholinesterase
  • GABA transaminase
  • Guanylyl cyclase (correct)
  • What is the duration of the early phase of LTP?

  • Hours to days
  • Days to months
  • Months to years
  • Minutes to hours (correct)
  • What is the duration of the late phase of LTP?

    <p>Days to months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low frequency stimulation (LFS) on EPSP amplitude?

    <p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the NMDA receptor in both LTP and spatial learning?

    <p>It is essential for both LTP and spatial learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Alcohol on LTP processes?

    <p>It disrupts LTP processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is controversial in terms of improving memory?

    <p>physostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular mechanism for memory called?

    <p>Long Term Potentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of memory and LTP formation is involved in CREB?

    <p>consolidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stimulation is involved in LTD?

    <p>High Frequency stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of physostigmine?

    <p>Boost cholinergic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to have cognitive enhancing effects in impaired subjects?

    <p>acetylcholinesterases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning process involves activity dependent synaptogenesis?

    <p>Cerebellar learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is involved in memory and LTP formation?

    <p>cAMP Response Element Binding protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to restore performance in animals with lesions?

    <p>cholinergic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the definition of learning?

    <p>The response of the brain to environmental events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hebb's rule?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of memory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the connectome?

    <p>The map of neural connections in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is LTP?

    <p>Long-Term Potentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is LTD?

    <p>Long-Term Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are some drugs that influence memory?

    <p>Alcohol, Benzodiazepines, and Cholinergic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which learning occurs and memories can be formed in the brain?

    <p>Strengthening and weakening synaptic connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the hippocampal neuron is individually stimulated by Cell A, Cell B, or Cell C?

    <p>The EPSP created is not sufficient to fire an action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cells A and B are activated together in the hippocampal neuron?

    <p>The coincident EPSPs may summate sufficiently to cause an action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of repeatedly making the association between the sight and smell of a rose in the hippocampal neuron?

    <p>The synapses of cells A and B will be strengthened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of long-term potentiation (LTP) in synaptic strengthening?

    <p>LTP is the mechanism underlying synaptic strengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific characteristic of LTP at one synapse?

    <p>LTP at one synapse is not propagated to adjacent synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CaMKII in synaptic strengthening?

    <p>CaMKII phosphorylates existing AMPA receptors and stimulates the insertion of new AMPA receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neuroscience of Learning and Memory: Key Concepts and Drug Effects

    • The presentation is for personal use only and must not be copied or used outside of BSMS.
    • The brain encodes memories at different levels: electrophysiological, molecular, and structural.
    • Drugs like alcohol, benzodiazepines, cholinergic drugs, and cognitive enhancers can influence memory.
    • The connectome is the map of neural connections in the brain.
    • Learning involves adaptive changes in synaptic connectivity and alters behavior.
    • Hebb's rule states that neurons that fire together wire together, strengthening synaptic connections.
    • Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a mechanism underlying synaptic strengthening and memory formation.
    • LTP involves the activation of protein kinase C and calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), leading to the insertion of new AMPA receptors.
    • LTP can also involve presynaptic events and the release of neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO).
    • Late phase LTP requires new protein synthesis and can involve morphological changes and the establishment of new synapses.
    • Long-term depression (LTD) is the opposite of LTP and involves a decrease in synaptic strength.
    • NMDA receptor activity in the hippocampus is essential for both LTP and spatial learning, as blocking it with AP5 blocks both processes.

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    SynapticPlasticity2022.pptx

    Description

    Quiz: Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) Test your knowledge on the molecular switches involved in maintaining increased excitability of neurons after a depolarizing stimulus. Explore the presynaptic events and the role of retrograde neurotransmitter, Nitric Oxide (NO), in the process of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP). Discover the intricate relationship between calcium influx, NMDA channels, and Nitric oxide synthase.

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