Gr 8 Natural Sciences Ch 4.2 SUM: Beyond the solar system
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

  • Galaxy bulge
  • Galaxy (correct)
  • Spiral arm
  • Galaxy disk

    • How many stars does the Milky Way Galaxy approximately contain?

  • 1 trillion stars
  • 200 billion stars (correct)
  • 500 billion stars
  • 100 billion stars

    • What is the name of the spiral arm that our Sun is situated in?

  • Cygnus Arm
  • Sagittarius Arm
  • Orion Arm (correct)
  • Perseus Arm

    • What is the speed at which our Solar System travels around the galaxy's center?

    <p>250 km/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central, spherical part of a galaxy containing older stars?

    <p>Galaxy bulge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears as a hazy band of light stretching across the sky when observed from dark, remote areas?

    <p>The Milky Way Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major spiral arms does the Milky Way Galaxy have?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flattened region of a galaxy containing most of its stars, dust, and gas?

    <p>Galaxy disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance across the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>950 quadrillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from the side?

    <p>A giant fried egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the round fuzzy blobs above and below the plane of the galaxy disk?

    <p>Globular clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many globular clusters does the Milky Way have?

    <p>160</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of our Sun?

    <p>4.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Proxima Centauri?

    <p>The closest star to our Solar System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a light year?

    <p>The distance that light travels in one year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do astronomers use light years to measure distance in space?

    <p>Because the distances in space are extremely large</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to the Sun?

    <p>150 million kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason astronomers use units based on the speed of light?

    <p>To make the distances more manageable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times can light travel around the Earth in one second?

    <p>7.5 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a light hour?

    <p>The distance light travels in one hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

    <p>8 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one light year equal to?

    <p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light from an object one light year away to reach Earth?

    <p>One year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance from the nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri?

    <p>4.24 light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a galaxy:

    <p>A massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many galaxies are estimated to be in the Universe?

    <p>100 to 200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is beyond our Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>Other galaxies and galaxy groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from the Milky Way to the Andromeda Galaxy?

    <p>2.5 million light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stars are typically found in small galaxies?

    <p>A few million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of elliptical galaxies?

    <p>Elongated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a large collection of galaxies that can span tens of millions of light years?

    <p>Galaxy Cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Universe on the largest scales?

    <p>Sponge-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the Universe?

    <p>13.7 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vast empty regions between galaxy clusters?

    <p>Voids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Local Group part of?

    <p>A supercluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

    <p>To make the numbers more manageable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from the Earth to the Moon in light seconds?

    <p>1.3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the hazy band of light seen in the night sky?

    <p>The dense concentration of stars in the Sagittarius Arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from the side?

    <p>A giant fried egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many galaxies are estimated to be in the Universe?

    <p>100 to 200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the oldest stars in the globular clusters?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

    <p>Because these distances are too large to comprehend using standard units like kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one year?

    <p>Light year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the constellation that is easily visible from South Africa, even in urban areas?

    <p>The Southern Cross or Crux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a grouping of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>A constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri?

    <p>4.24 light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>A light minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does it take four years for light from Proxima Centauri to reach Earth?

    <p>Because Proxima Centauri is very far away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the star system that consists of Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B, and Proxima Centauri?

    <p>The Alpha Centauri system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to the Sun?

    <p>150 million kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the visibility of only a fraction of stars from urban areas?

    <p>Light pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the stars found in the galactic bulge?

    <p>They are cool and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing the Milky Way from dark, remote areas?

    <p>To see the hazy band of light stretching across the sky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the galactic disk?

    <p>Hot young stars and dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pattern of movement of the stars within the Milky Way?

    <p>They revolve around the galaxy's center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the spiral arms in the Milky Way?

    <p>They are regions of younger stars and nebulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of the galaxy when observed from above?

    <p>A giant spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the dark wisps in the galactic disk?

    <p>They are dust lanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the name 'Milky Way'?

    <p>It was given by the Greeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of spiral galaxies?

    <p>They have a central bulge and spiral arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a collection of galaxies that can span tens of millions of light years?

    <p>Galaxy Cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Universe on the largest scales?

    <p>Sponge-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vast empty regions between galaxy clusters?

    <p>Voids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of galaxies are there?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from the Milky Way to the Andromeda Galaxy?

    <p>2.5 million light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small collection of galaxies?

    <p>Galaxy Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the Universe?

    <p>13.7 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

    <p>To make the units more relatable to everyday life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from the Earth to the Moon in light seconds?

    <p>1.28 light-seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from the nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many galaxies are estimated to be in the Universe?

    <p>100 to 200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one year?

    <p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance that light can travel around the Earth in one second?

    <p>7.5 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the stars found in elliptical galaxies?

    <p>Older stars with less gas and dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the Universe on the largest scales?

    <p>A sponge-like structure with galaxy clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vast empty regions between galaxy clusters?

    <p>Voids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of lenticular galaxies?

    <p>A central bulge and disk-like structure without spiral arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters?

    <p>Filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from the Milky Way to the Andromeda Galaxy?

    <p>2.5 million light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of barred spiral galaxies?

    <p>A central bulge and disk-like structure with a bar-shaped structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of galaxies that the Milky Way is part of?

    <p>Local Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate time it takes for the Sun to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

    <p>225 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from above?

    <p>Egg-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the oldest stars in the globular clusters?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light Minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the grouping of stars that forms a recognizable pattern when observed from Earth?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the brightest star among the Pointers in the Southern Cross constellation?

    <p>Alpha Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance across the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>950 quadrillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the round fuzzy blobs above and below the plane of the galaxy disk?

    <p>Globular Clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>160</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes the galactic bulge from the galactic disk?

    <p>Older and cooler stars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the spiral arms in the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>They are regions of active star formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the Milky Way galaxy's structure when observed from above?

    <p>A giant spiral shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the dark wisps observed in the galactic disk?

    <p>Gas and dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motion of the stars within the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>Revolution around the galaxy's center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the stars found in the galactic bulge?

    <p>Older, cooler stars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Milky Way galaxy's appearance when observed from dark, remote areas?

    <p>It appears as a hazy band of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the Orion Arm and the other major spiral arms?

    <p>The Orion Arm lies between the Sagittarius and Perseus Arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of spiral galaxies?

    <p>They have a central bulge and spiral arms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the thin walls of galaxy clusters in the universe's large-scale structure?

    <p>Galaxy filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of galaxies that the Milky Way is part of?

    <p>Galaxy group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance that light could travel in the age of the universe?

    <p>13.7 billion light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Cosmic voids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

    <p>Galaxy filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a galaxy that does not fit into the other categories and has an irregular shape?

    <p>Irregular galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of many galaxy clusters coming together?

    <p>Supercluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate time it takes for the Sun to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

    <p>225 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the grouping of stars that forms a recognizable pattern when observed from Earth?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one hour?

    <p>Light hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the oldest stars in the globular clusters?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from the side?

    <p>Egg-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the round fuzzy blobs above and below the plane of the galaxy disk?

    <p>Globular clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the grouping of stars that forms a recognizable pattern, easily visible from South Africa, even in urban areas?

    <p>Southern Cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance across the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>950 quadrillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the units of measurement based on the speed of light, used to measure vast distances in space?

    <p>Light-based units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason astronomers use light minutes and light hours to measure distances within the solar system?

    <p>Because light travels extremely fast, making it a convenient unit of measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance light travels in one second?

    <p>299,792,458 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the stars in the Milky Way galaxy are visible from Earth?

    <p>Because they are part of the same galaxy as our Sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the stars found in the galactic bulge of the Milky Way?

    <p>They are old and cool.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from the Earth to the nearest star outside of our solar system, Proxima Centauri?

    <p>4.24 light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for light from an object one light hour away to reach Earth?

    <p>One hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from a remote location?

    <p>A spiral with five major arms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the term 'galaxy disk' in the context of the Milky Way?

    <p>To describe the flattened region of the galaxy containing most of its stars, dust, and gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of galaxies in the Universe?

    <p>100 to 200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the spiral arms in the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>They contain younger and hotter stars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of the stars in the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>They move in a circular motion around the galaxy's center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times can light travel around the Earth in one second?

    <p>7.5 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one year?

    <p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of the Milky Way galaxy when observed from dark, remote areas?

    <p>A hazy band of light stretching across the sky.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

    <p>Because light travels extremely fast, making it a convenient unit of measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the Sun and the Milky Way galaxy?

    <p>The Sun is a star within the Milky Way galaxy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way Galaxy when observed from above?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the galaxy disk?

    <p>To hold gas and dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the stars in the galactic bulge?

    <p>Older and cooler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of spiral arms in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>To hold hot young stars and nebulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the apparent appearance of the Milky Way Galaxy from dark, remote areas?

    <p>A hazy band of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motion of the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy?

    <p>They revolve around the galaxy's center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the dark wisps in the galaxy disk?

    <p>They are dust lanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the Milky Way Galaxy by the Romans?

    <p>Via Lactea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance that the Sun travels to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

    <p>950 quadrillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from the side?

    <p>A giant fried egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the grouping of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the oldest stars in the globular clusters?

    <p>12.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance that light travels in one minute?

    <p>Light minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the dense concentration of stars in the Sagittarius Arm?

    <p>Hazy band of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the triple star system consisting of Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B, and Proxima Centauri?

    <p>Alpha Centauri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to the Sun?

    <p>150 million kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the round fuzzy blobs above and below the plane of the galaxy disk?

    <p>Globular cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance that light travels in one hour?

    <p>The distance that light travels in one hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take light to travel from the Earth to the Moon?

    <p>1.3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance of the nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri?

    <p>40 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take light from an object one light hour away to reach Earth?

    <p>1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance of one light year?

    <p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times can light travel around the Earth in one second?

    <p>7.5 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

    <p>Void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance from Earth to the Sun?

    <p>8 light minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many galaxies are estimated to be in the Universe?

    <p>100 to 200 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of stars found in small galaxies?

    <p>A few million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of elliptical galaxies?

    <p>Spherical to elongated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a large collection of galaxies?

    <p>Galaxy cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Universe on the largest scales?

    <p>Sponge-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vast empty regions between galaxy clusters?

    <p>Voids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Local Group part of?

    <p>The Virgo Supercluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the Universe?

    <p>13.7 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

    <p>Galaxy group</p> Signup and view all the answers

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