Gr 8 Natural Sciences Ch 4.2 SUM: Beyond the solar system

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

  • Galaxy bulge
  • Galaxy (correct)
  • Spiral arm
  • Galaxy disk

How many stars does the Milky Way Galaxy approximately contain?

  • 1 trillion stars
  • 200 billion stars (correct)
  • 500 billion stars
  • 100 billion stars

What is the name of the spiral arm that our Sun is situated in?

  • Cygnus Arm
  • Sagittarius Arm
  • Orion Arm (correct)
  • Perseus Arm

What is the speed at which our Solar System travels around the galaxy's center?

<p>250 km/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the central, spherical part of a galaxy containing older stars?

<p>Galaxy bulge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What appears as a hazy band of light stretching across the sky when observed from dark, remote areas?

<p>The Milky Way Galaxy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many major spiral arms does the Milky Way Galaxy have?

<p>5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the flattened region of a galaxy containing most of its stars, dust, and gas?

<p>Galaxy disk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance across the Milky Way galaxy?

<p>950 quadrillion kilometers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from the side?

<p>A giant fried egg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the round fuzzy blobs above and below the plane of the galaxy disk?

<p>Globular clusters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many globular clusters does the Milky Way have?

<p>160 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of our Sun?

<p>4.5 billion years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Proxima Centauri?

<p>The closest star to our Solar System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri?

<p>40 trillion kilometers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a light year?

<p>The distance that light travels in one year (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do astronomers use light years to measure distance in space?

<p>Because the distances in space are extremely large (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from Earth to the Sun?

<p>150 million kilometers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason astronomers use units based on the speed of light?

<p>To make the distances more manageable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times can light travel around the Earth in one second?

<p>7.5 times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a light hour?

<p>The distance light travels in one hour (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

<p>8 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one light year equal to?

<p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for light from an object one light year away to reach Earth?

<p>One year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance from the nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri?

<p>4.24 light years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a galaxy:

<p>A massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many galaxies are estimated to be in the Universe?

<p>100 to 200 billion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is beyond our Milky Way Galaxy?

<p>Other galaxies and galaxy groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from the Milky Way to the Andromeda Galaxy?

<p>2.5 million light years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many stars are typically found in small galaxies?

<p>A few million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of elliptical galaxies?

<p>Elongated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a large collection of galaxies that can span tens of millions of light years?

<p>Galaxy Cluster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Universe on the largest scales?

<p>Sponge-like (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the Universe?

<p>13.7 billion years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vast empty regions between galaxy clusters?

<p>Voids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Local Group part of?

<p>A supercluster (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

<p>To make the numbers more manageable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance that light travels in one minute?

<p>Light minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from the Earth to the Moon in light seconds?

<p>1.3 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the hazy band of light seen in the night sky?

<p>The dense concentration of stars in the Sagittarius Arm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

<p>Filament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from the side?

<p>A giant fried egg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

<p>Void (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many galaxies are estimated to be in the Universe?

<p>100 to 200 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate age of the oldest stars in the globular clusters?

<p>12.5 billion years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

<p>Because these distances are too large to comprehend using standard units like kilometers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

<p>Galaxy group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance that light travels in one year?

<p>Light year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the constellation that is easily visible from South Africa, even in urban areas?

<p>The Southern Cross or Crux (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a grouping of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

<p>A constellation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri?

<p>4.24 light years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance that light travels in one minute?

<p>A light minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does it take four years for light from Proxima Centauri to reach Earth?

<p>Because Proxima Centauri is very far away (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the star system that consists of Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B, and Proxima Centauri?

<p>The Alpha Centauri system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from Earth to the Sun?

<p>150 million kilometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the visibility of only a fraction of stars from urban areas?

<p>Light pollution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the stars found in the galactic bulge?

<p>They are cool and older (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of observing the Milky Way from dark, remote areas?

<p>To see the hazy band of light stretching across the sky (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the galactic disk?

<p>Hot young stars and dust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of movement of the stars within the Milky Way?

<p>They revolve around the galaxy's center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the spiral arms in the Milky Way?

<p>They are regions of younger stars and nebulae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the galaxy when observed from above?

<p>A giant spiral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the dark wisps in the galactic disk?

<p>They are dust lanes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the name 'Milky Way'?

<p>It was given by the Greeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of spiral galaxies?

<p>They have a central bulge and spiral arms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a collection of galaxies that can span tens of millions of light years?

<p>Galaxy Cluster (A), Galaxy Cluster (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Universe on the largest scales?

<p>Sponge-like (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vast empty regions between galaxy clusters?

<p>Voids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of galaxies are there?

<p>5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from the Milky Way to the Andromeda Galaxy?

<p>2.5 million light years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a small collection of galaxies?

<p>Galaxy Group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the Universe?

<p>13.7 billion years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

<p>To make the units more relatable to everyday life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from the Earth to the Moon in light seconds?

<p>1.28 light-seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

<p>Filament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from the nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri?

<p>40 trillion kilometers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

<p>Void (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many galaxies are estimated to be in the Universe?

<p>100 to 200 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance that light travels in one year?

<p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

<p>Galaxy Group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance that light can travel around the Earth in one second?

<p>7.5 times (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a massive collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity?

<p>Galaxy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the stars found in elliptical galaxies?

<p>Older stars with less gas and dust (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the Universe on the largest scales?

<p>A sponge-like structure with galaxy clusters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vast empty regions between galaxy clusters?

<p>Voids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of lenticular galaxies?

<p>A central bulge and disk-like structure without spiral arms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters?

<p>Filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from the Milky Way to the Andromeda Galaxy?

<p>2.5 million light years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of barred spiral galaxies?

<p>A central bulge and disk-like structure with a bar-shaped structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collection of galaxies that the Milky Way is part of?

<p>Local Group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate time it takes for the Sun to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

<p>225 million years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from above?

<p>Egg-shaped (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the oldest stars in the globular clusters?

<p>12.5 billion years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the distance that light travels in one minute?

<p>Light Minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grouping of stars that forms a recognizable pattern when observed from Earth?

<p>Constellation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from Earth to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri?

<p>40 trillion kilometers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the brightest star among the Pointers in the Southern Cross constellation?

<p>Alpha Centauri (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance across the Milky Way galaxy?

<p>950 quadrillion kilometers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the round fuzzy blobs above and below the plane of the galaxy disk?

<p>Globular Clusters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy?

<p>160 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes the galactic bulge from the galactic disk?

<p>Older and cooler stars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the spiral arms in the Milky Way galaxy?

<p>They are regions of active star formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the Milky Way galaxy's structure when observed from above?

<p>A giant spiral shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the dark wisps observed in the galactic disk?

<p>Gas and dust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the motion of the stars within the Milky Way galaxy?

<p>Revolution around the galaxy's center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the stars found in the galactic bulge?

<p>Older, cooler stars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Milky Way galaxy's appearance when observed from dark, remote areas?

<p>It appears as a hazy band of light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the Orion Arm and the other major spiral arms?

<p>The Orion Arm lies between the Sagittarius and Perseus Arms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of spiral galaxies?

<p>They have a central bulge and spiral arms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the thin walls of galaxy clusters in the universe's large-scale structure?

<p>Galaxy filaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collection of galaxies that the Milky Way is part of?

<p>Galaxy group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance that light could travel in the age of the universe?

<p>13.7 billion light years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

<p>Cosmic voids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

<p>Galaxy filaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a galaxy that does not fit into the other categories and has an irregular shape?

<p>Irregular galaxy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of many galaxy clusters coming together?

<p>Supercluster (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate time it takes for the Sun to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

<p>225 million years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grouping of stars that forms a recognizable pattern when observed from Earth?

<p>Constellation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance that light travels in one hour?

<p>Light hour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the oldest stars in the globular clusters?

<p>12.5 billion years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from the side?

<p>Egg-shaped (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the round fuzzy blobs above and below the plane of the galaxy disk?

<p>Globular clusters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from Earth to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri?

<p>40 trillion kilometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grouping of stars that forms a recognizable pattern, easily visible from South Africa, even in urban areas?

<p>Southern Cross (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance across the Milky Way galaxy?

<p>950 quadrillion kilometers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the units of measurement based on the speed of light, used to measure vast distances in space?

<p>Light-based units (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason astronomers use light minutes and light hours to measure distances within the solar system?

<p>Because light travels extremely fast, making it a convenient unit of measurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance light travels in one second?

<p>299,792,458 meters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why the stars in the Milky Way galaxy are visible from Earth?

<p>Because they are part of the same galaxy as our Sun. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

<p>Void (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the stars found in the galactic bulge of the Milky Way?

<p>They are old and cool. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from the Earth to the nearest star outside of our solar system, Proxima Centauri?

<p>4.24 light years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for light from an object one light hour away to reach Earth?

<p>One hour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from a remote location?

<p>A spiral with five major arms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

<p>Filament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the term 'galaxy disk' in the context of the Milky Way?

<p>To describe the flattened region of the galaxy containing most of its stars, dust, and gas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of galaxies in the Universe?

<p>100 to 200 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the spiral arms in the Milky Way galaxy?

<p>They contain younger and hotter stars. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of the stars in the Milky Way galaxy?

<p>They move in a circular motion around the galaxy's center. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times can light travel around the Earth in one second?

<p>7.5 times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance that light travels in one year?

<p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the Milky Way galaxy when observed from dark, remote areas?

<p>A hazy band of light stretching across the sky. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do astronomers use units based on the speed of light to measure vast distances?

<p>Because light travels extremely fast, making it a convenient unit of measurement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the Sun and the Milky Way galaxy?

<p>The Sun is a star within the Milky Way galaxy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Milky Way Galaxy when observed from above?

<p>Spiral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the galaxy disk?

<p>To hold gas and dust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the stars in the galactic bulge?

<p>Older and cooler (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of spiral arms in the Milky Way Galaxy?

<p>To hold hot young stars and nebulae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the apparent appearance of the Milky Way Galaxy from dark, remote areas?

<p>A hazy band of light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the motion of the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy?

<p>They revolve around the galaxy's center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the dark wisps in the galaxy disk?

<p>They are dust lanes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the Milky Way Galaxy by the Romans?

<p>Via Lactea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance that the Sun travels to complete one orbit around the galactic center?

<p>950 quadrillion kilometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Milky Way galaxy when viewed from the side?

<p>A giant fried egg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grouping of stars that, when observed from Earth, forms a recognizable pattern?

<p>Constellation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate age of the oldest stars in the globular clusters?

<p>12.5 billion years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the distance that light travels in one minute?

<p>Light minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from Earth to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri?

<p>40 trillion kilometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the dense concentration of stars in the Sagittarius Arm?

<p>Hazy band of light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the triple star system consisting of Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B, and Proxima Centauri?

<p>Alpha Centauri (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from Earth to the Sun?

<p>150 million kilometers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the round fuzzy blobs above and below the plane of the galaxy disk?

<p>Globular cluster (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance that light travels in one hour?

<p>The distance that light travels in one hour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take light to travel from the Earth to the Moon?

<p>1.3 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance of the nearest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri?

<p>40 trillion kilometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the large-scale structure of the universe, composed of galaxy clusters arranged in a thread-like formation?

<p>Filament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take light from an object one light hour away to reach Earth?

<p>1 hour (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance of one light year?

<p>Nearly 10 trillion kilometers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times can light travel around the Earth in one second?

<p>7.5 times (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vast, empty regions of space with very few galaxies?

<p>Void (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance from Earth to the Sun?

<p>8 light minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many galaxies are estimated to be in the Universe?

<p>100 to 200 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of stars found in small galaxies?

<p>A few million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of elliptical galaxies?

<p>Spherical to elongated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a large collection of galaxies?

<p>Galaxy cluster (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Universe on the largest scales?

<p>Sponge-like (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vast empty regions between galaxy clusters?

<p>Voids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Local Group part of?

<p>The Virgo Supercluster (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate age of the Universe?

<p>13.7 billion years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a small collection of galaxies bound by gravity?

<p>Galaxy group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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