Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following was NOT a primary reason Europeans initially turned to Africa as a source of labor?
Which of the following was NOT a primary reason Europeans initially turned to Africa as a source of labor?
- Africans were immune to European diseases.
- Africans represented a cheap labor force.
- Africans were accustomed to hard labour. (correct)
- Africans would quickly adapt to the Caribbean climate.
The Middle Passage refers exclusively to the transportation of goods from Europe to Africa as part of the Triangular Trade.
The Middle Passage refers exclusively to the transportation of goods from Europe to Africa as part of the Triangular Trade.
False (B)
Briefly explain the relationship between the Middle Passage and the broader Triangular Trade system.
Briefly explain the relationship between the Middle Passage and the broader Triangular Trade system.
The Middle Passage was the stage of the Triangular Trade in which Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas to work as slaves. It connected the trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
The three primary geographical regions involved in the Triangular Trade were _______, the _______, and _______.
The three primary geographical regions involved in the Triangular Trade were _______, the _______, and _______.
Match the region with the primary goods transported during the Triangular Trade:
Match the region with the primary goods transported during the Triangular Trade:
Why did Europeans decide to use enslaved African labor over European identured servants?
Why did Europeans decide to use enslaved African labor over European identured servants?
What made the conditions aboard the slave ships miserable?
What made the conditions aboard the slave ships miserable?
Explain one thing that the Europeans did before putting the enslaved on the ships.
Explain one thing that the Europeans did before putting the enslaved on the ships.
The determination of who went where on the ships, was based on the Europeans’ discretion.
The determination of who went where on the ships, was based on the Europeans’ discretion.
Name a country from which the slaves in Jamaica came.
Name a country from which the slaves in Jamaica came.
What was the primary purpose of applying palm oil to enslaved Africans upon arrival in the Americas?
What was the primary purpose of applying palm oil to enslaved Africans upon arrival in the Americas?
The 'seasoning' process for newly arrived enslaved Africans typically lasted for five to seven years, ensuring complete cultural assimilation
The 'seasoning' process for newly arrived enslaved Africans typically lasted for five to seven years, ensuring complete cultural assimilation
What was the term used to describe the type of slave auction where a set price was established and buyers rushed to purchase?
What was the term used to describe the type of slave auction where a set price was established and buyers rushed to purchase?
During auctions, enslavers would apply _________ to slaves to cover up wounds.
During auctions, enslavers would apply _________ to slaves to cover up wounds.
Which of the following best describes the role of artisans/skilled slaves on a plantation?
Which of the following best describes the role of artisans/skilled slaves on a plantation?
Field slaves typically had lighter workloads and more privileges compared to house slaves due to their direct contribution to crop production.
Field slaves typically had lighter workloads and more privileges compared to house slaves due to their direct contribution to crop production.
What was the main aim of plantation owners when they attempted to wipe out identities of newly acquired slaves?
What was the main aim of plantation owners when they attempted to wipe out identities of newly acquired slaves?
The process called __________ could last two to three years, in which Africans were forced to adapt to new working and living conditions, to learn a new language and adopt new customs.
The process called __________ could last two to three years, in which Africans were forced to adapt to new working and living conditions, to learn a new language and adopt new customs.
Why might conflicts arise between field slaves and house slaves on a plantation?
Why might conflicts arise between field slaves and house slaves on a plantation?
Families who managed to stay together prior to arriving to the Americas stayed together once they arrived to the plantation.
Families who managed to stay together prior to arriving to the Americas stayed together once they arrived to the plantation.
Name two things slaves were forced to learn as part of the seasoning process.
Name two things slaves were forced to learn as part of the seasoning process.
__________ were washed, shaved, and rubbed them with palm oil to disguise sores and wounds caused by conditions on board.
__________ were washed, shaved, and rubbed them with palm oil to disguise sores and wounds caused by conditions on board.
Match the type of slave with their description
Match the type of slave with their description
Who did the captains usually sale their captives directly to?
Who did the captains usually sale their captives directly to?
Owners cared for the slaves and their needs.
Owners cared for the slaves and their needs.
Which of the following actions would be classified as active resistance to slavery?
Which of the following actions would be classified as active resistance to slavery?
Passive resistance involves the use of violence and force to oppose slavery.
Passive resistance involves the use of violence and force to oppose slavery.
Define the term 'marronage' in the context of resistance to slavery.
Define the term 'marronage' in the context of resistance to slavery.
The term 'petit marronage' refers to slaves who escaped for a ______ period of time before returning.
The term 'petit marronage' refers to slaves who escaped for a ______ period of time before returning.
Match each historical revolt with the correct year.
Match each historical revolt with the correct year.
What was a common motivation behind slaves engaging in 'petit marronage'?
What was a common motivation behind slaves engaging in 'petit marronage'?
Burning cane fields was a form of non-violent resistance.
Burning cane fields was a form of non-violent resistance.
Name two methods of passive resistance that slaves used on plantations.
Name two methods of passive resistance that slaves used on plantations.
The Saint Domingue Revolution, which began in 1791, is also known as the ______ Revolution.
The Saint Domingue Revolution, which began in 1791, is also known as the ______ Revolution.
Which of the following best describes the term 'resistance' in the context of slavery?
Which of the following best describes the term 'resistance' in the context of slavery?
Infanticide, as a form of resistance, involved slaves destroying machinery to reduce productivity.
Infanticide, as a form of resistance, involved slaves destroying machinery to reduce productivity.
What was the primary goal of the slaves involved in the Barbados revolt of 1816?
What was the primary goal of the slaves involved in the Barbados revolt of 1816?
Individuals who permanently removed themselves from plantations engaged in '______ marronage'.
Individuals who permanently removed themselves from plantations engaged in '______ marronage'.
What was the significance of the Sam Sharpe Rebellion in Jamaica in 1831?
What was the significance of the Sam Sharpe Rebellion in Jamaica in 1831?
Besides physical escape and open revolt, name one other form of resistance slaves used.
Besides physical escape and open revolt, name one other form of resistance slaves used.
Flashcards
The Middle Passage
The Middle Passage
The sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.
Triangular Trade
Triangular Trade
A system of trade between three regions, using a commodity from one region as payment for commodities from another region.
Why Africa?
Why Africa?
Africans were cheap, adaptable, and accustomed to hard labor.
Triangular Trade Definition
Triangular Trade Definition
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Home of Africans
Home of Africans
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Auction (Slave trade)
Auction (Slave trade)
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Seasoning (Slaves)
Seasoning (Slaves)
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Scramble (Slave trade)
Scramble (Slave trade)
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Field Slaves
Field Slaves
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Artisan/Skilled Slaves
Artisan/Skilled Slaves
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Domestic Slaves
Domestic Slaves
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Resistance
Resistance
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Active resistance
Active resistance
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Passive resistance
Passive resistance
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Revolt/Rebellion
Revolt/Rebellion
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Petit marronage
Petit marronage
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Grand marronage
Grand marronage
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Tacky's Revolt (1760)
Tacky's Revolt (1760)
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Barbados 1816 revolt
Barbados 1816 revolt
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Jamaica 1831- Sam Sharpe Rebellion
Jamaica 1831- Sam Sharpe Rebellion
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Study Notes
- Lesson about life of enslaved people on the plantation.
Objectives
- Define "auction," "seasoning," and "scramble."
- Identify the types of enslaved people that existed on a typical 18th-century plantation.
- Describe at least one role/responsibility of a house slave/skilled slave and field slave.
- Assess the interaction amongst the types of slaves on the plantation.
- Empathize with the plight of the enslaved people.
- Define freedom, resistance, violent, changes, revolt, revolution, punishment, institution, marronage, control, restriction, slave laws, active resistance and passive resistance.
- Identify various forms of resistance.
- Name at least two examples of active and passive resistance.
- Identify two historical revolts that took place in the Caribbean.
- Develop an understanding that enslaved people fought for their freedom
Initial Treatment of Enslaved People
- Upon arrival in the Americas, enslaved people were prepared for sale.
- They were washed, shaved, and rubbed with palm oil to disguise wounds.
- Captains sold enslaved people directly to planters or specialized wholesalers through auctions.
- Families who stayed together during the voyage were often broken up.
- Any bonds formed during the voyage were also severed.
- Owners and overseers sought to erase the identities of newly acquired enslaved people.
- The goal was to break their wills and sever any past bonds.
- Africans were forced to adapt to new working and living conditions.
- They had to learn a new language and adopt new customs.
- This process was called "seasoning," and could last two or three years.
Auction and Seasoning
- Scramble: Buyers rushed to buy enslaved people when the price was set.
- Auction: Enslaved person was sold to the highest bidder.
- Tar was applied to enslaved people to cover wounds.
- The seasoning process involved learning a new language, receiving a new name, and being assigned labor.
The Auction
- Questions to consider include: How were enslaved people described at the auction? How were they examined by prospective buyers?
Types of Enslaved People
- There were three main types of enslaved people on a typical plantation.
- Field Slaves: Divided into 3 gangs.
- Artisans/Skilled Slaves.
- Domestic Slaves.
Resistance
- Resistance is the refusal to accept or comply with something
Active Resistance
- Individuals speak and act against slavery in a violent manner
Passive Resistance
- Non-violent opposition to authority, including refusing to cooperate with legal requirements
Violent Resistance (Insurrectionary) Examples
- Revolt and rebellion
- Attacking the master
- Killing or maiming of livestock
- Burning cane fields
- Murder by poison
- Destruction of machinery
- Infanticide
Non-Violent Resistance (Non-Insurrectionary) Examples
- Pretending to be sick
- Acting as if they did not understand the master
- Slowing work to prevent crops from being on time or in the correct amount
- Breaking tools
- Prolonged breastfeeding
- Petit Marronage: Escaping plantations for short periods, then returning
- Grand Marronage: Permanently removing themselves from plantations.
Slave Revolts in the Caribbean
- Tacky's Revolt (Jamaica, 1760): Largest British slave uprising in the Caribbean.
- Saint Domingue (Haiti, 1791-1804): Haitian Revolution.
- Grenada (1796): Fedon's slave revolt was defeated by British troops.
- Barbados (1816): Enslaved people rose up and burned a quarter of the island's sugar crop.
- Jamaica (1831): Sam Sharpe Rebellion. </existing_notes>
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Description
This lesson explores the Middle Passage, the sea journey of enslaved Africans from West Africa to the West Indies. It examines the conditions they faced and its connection to the Triangular Trade. The lesson also covers why Africans were chosen as a labor force.
