Embriology
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Questions and Answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for mastication muscles?

  • IX (glossopharyngeal)
  • V (trigeminal) (correct)
  • X (vagus)
  • VII (facial)

    • What happens to the 2nd pouch during development?

  • It becomes the inferior parathyroid
  • It becomes the ultimobranchial body
  • It becomes the superior parathyroid
  • It disappears (correct)

    • During which phase of prenatal development does differentiation and migration of internal and external structures occur?

  • Phase 3
  • Fertilization
  • Phase 1
  • Phase 2 (correct)

    • Which embryonic period phase is characterized by the formation of the neural tube and the differentiation of mesoderm?

    <p>Embryonic period phase 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pharyngeal pouches derivatives?

    <p>Production of tissues necessary for hearing, calcium homeostasis, and adequate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the covering of the pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Ectoderm on the outside and endoderm on the inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure develops from the first pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Middle ear cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?

    <p>To equilibrate pressures between ambient air pressure and the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pharyngeal pouch develops into the thymus?

    <p>Third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failure in the development of the third pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Severe immunodeficiency against viral and fungal pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining?

    <p>Decreased quality of hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

    <p>Enhancing cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the parathyroid gland fails to develop properly?

    <p>Inappropriate response to low calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of hypercalcemia?

    <p>Lethargy, fatigue, and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is derived from the lateral and paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells?

    <p>Pharyngeal arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What covers the outside of the pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pharyngeal pouches derivatives?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lines the inside of the pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arch has its own cartilage, artery, and nerve?

    <p>First arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do neural crest cells migrate to during development?

    <p>Pharyngeal arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining?

    <p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

    <p>Parafollicular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failure in the development of the fourth pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Impaired formation of ultimobranchial bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?

    <p>Removal of middle ear debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of malformation of the middle ear lining surrounding the ossicles?

    <p>Decreased vibration transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pharyngeal pouch is responsible for palatine tonsil formation?

    <p>Second pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining?

    <p>Recurrent otitis media infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

    <p>Enhancement of cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure develops from the second pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Palatine tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?

    <p>To equilibrate pressures between ambient air pressure and the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failure in the development of the third pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Severe immunodeficiency against viral and fungal pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medulla of the thymus?

    <p>To provide self-tolerance education in T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the fourth pharyngeal pouch in calcium homeostasis?

    <p>Development of the superior region of the parathyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the fifth and sixth pharyngeal pouches during development?

    <p>They combine with the fourth pharyngeal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failure in pharyngeal pouch development?

    <p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of prenatal development does differentiation and migration of internal and external structures occur?

    <p>Embryo Phase 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the covering of the pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the 2nd pouch during development?

    <p>It is obliterated by the tonsil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pharyngeal pouches derivatives?

    <p>To form various structures like the parathyroid glands and thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pharyngeal pouch develops into the thymus?

    <p>3rd pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failure in the development of the third pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Formation of pharyngeal sinuses and cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for mastication muscles?

    <p>V (trigeminal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?

    <p>To regulate pressure in the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

    <p>Production of T-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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