Embriology
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Questions and Answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for mastication muscles?

  • IX (glossopharyngeal)
  • V (trigeminal) (correct)
  • X (vagus)
  • VII (facial)

What happens to the 2nd pouch during development?

  • It becomes the inferior parathyroid
  • It becomes the ultimobranchial body
  • It becomes the superior parathyroid
  • It disappears (correct)

During which phase of prenatal development does differentiation and migration of internal and external structures occur?

  • Phase 3
  • Fertilization
  • Phase 1
  • Phase 2 (correct)

Which embryonic period phase is characterized by the formation of the neural tube and the differentiation of mesoderm?

<p>Embryonic period phase 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharyngeal pouches derivatives?

<p>Production of tissues necessary for hearing, calcium homeostasis, and adequate immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the covering of the pharyngeal arches?

<p>Ectoderm on the outside and endoderm on the inside (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure develops from the first pharyngeal pouch?

<p>Middle ear cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?

<p>To equilibrate pressures between ambient air pressure and the middle ear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharyngeal pouch develops into the thymus?

<p>Third (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failure in the development of the third pharyngeal pouch?

<p>Severe immunodeficiency against viral and fungal pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining?

<p>Decreased quality of hearing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

<p>Enhancing cell-mediated immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the parathyroid gland fails to develop properly?

<p>Inappropriate response to low calcium levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of hypercalcemia?

<p>Lethargy, fatigue, and confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is derived from the lateral and paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells?

<p>Pharyngeal arches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What covers the outside of the pharyngeal arches?

<p>Ectoderm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharyngeal pouches derivatives?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the inside of the pharyngeal arches?

<p>Endoderm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arch has its own cartilage, artery, and nerve?

<p>First arch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do neural crest cells migrate to during development?

<p>Pharyngeal arches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining?

<p>Hearing loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

<p>Parafollicular cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failure in the development of the fourth pharyngeal pouch?

<p>Impaired formation of ultimobranchial bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?

<p>Removal of middle ear debris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of malformation of the middle ear lining surrounding the ossicles?

<p>Decreased vibration transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharyngeal pouch is responsible for palatine tonsil formation?

<p>Second pouch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining?

<p>Recurrent otitis media infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

<p>Enhancement of cell-mediated immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure develops from the second pharyngeal pouch?

<p>Palatine tonsils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?

<p>To equilibrate pressures between ambient air pressure and the middle ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failure in the development of the third pharyngeal pouch?

<p>Severe immunodeficiency against viral and fungal pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the medulla of the thymus?

<p>To provide self-tolerance education in T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the fourth pharyngeal pouch in calcium homeostasis?

<p>Development of the superior region of the parathyroid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the fifth and sixth pharyngeal pouches during development?

<p>They combine with the fourth pharyngeal pouch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failure in pharyngeal pouch development?

<p>Hearing loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of prenatal development does differentiation and migration of internal and external structures occur?

<p>Embryo Phase 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the covering of the pharyngeal arches?

<p>Cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the 2nd pouch during development?

<p>It is obliterated by the tonsil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharyngeal pouches derivatives?

<p>To form various structures like the parathyroid glands and thymus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharyngeal pouch develops into the thymus?

<p>3rd pouch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failure in the development of the third pharyngeal pouch?

<p>Formation of pharyngeal sinuses and cysts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for mastication muscles?

<p>V (trigeminal) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?

<p>To regulate pressure in the inner ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

<p>Production of T-lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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