44 Questions
Which cranial nerve is responsible for mastication muscles?
V (trigeminal)
What happens to the 2nd pouch during development?
It disappears
During which phase of prenatal development does differentiation and migration of internal and external structures occur?
Phase 2
Which embryonic period phase is characterized by the formation of the neural tube and the differentiation of mesoderm?
Embryonic period phase 2
What is the function of the pharyngeal pouches derivatives?
Production of tissues necessary for hearing, calcium homeostasis, and adequate immune response
What is the covering of the pharyngeal arches?
Ectoderm on the outside and endoderm on the inside
Which structure develops from the first pharyngeal pouch?
Middle ear cavity
What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?
To equilibrate pressures between ambient air pressure and the middle ear
Which pharyngeal pouch develops into the thymus?
Third
What is the consequence of failure in the development of the third pharyngeal pouch?
Severe immunodeficiency against viral and fungal pathogens
Which of the following is a consequence of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining?
Decreased quality of hearing
What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?
Enhancing cell-mediated immunity
What happens when the parathyroid gland fails to develop properly?
Inappropriate response to low calcium levels
What is a common presentation of hypercalcemia?
Lethargy, fatigue, and confusion
Which structure is derived from the lateral and paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells?
Pharyngeal arches
What covers the outside of the pharyngeal arches?
Ectoderm
What is the function of the pharyngeal pouches derivatives?
All of the above
What lines the inside of the pharyngeal arches?
Endoderm
Which arch has its own cartilage, artery, and nerve?
First arch
Where do neural crest cells migrate to during development?
Pharyngeal arches
What is the consequence of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining?
Hearing loss
Which structure is responsible for the secretion of parathyroid hormone?
Parafollicular cells
What is the consequence of failure in the development of the fourth pharyngeal pouch?
Impaired formation of ultimobranchial bodies
What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?
Removal of middle ear debris
What is the consequence of malformation of the middle ear lining surrounding the ossicles?
Decreased vibration transmission
Which pharyngeal pouch is responsible for palatine tonsil formation?
Second pouch
What is the consequence of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining?
Recurrent otitis media infections
What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?
Enhancement of cell-mediated immunity
Which structure develops from the second pharyngeal pouch?
Palatine tonsils
What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?
To equilibrate pressures between ambient air pressure and the middle ear
What is the consequence of failure in the development of the third pharyngeal pouch?
Severe immunodeficiency against viral and fungal pathogens
What is the function of the medulla of the thymus?
To provide self-tolerance education in T cells
What is the role of the fourth pharyngeal pouch in calcium homeostasis?
Development of the superior region of the parathyroid
What happens to the fifth and sixth pharyngeal pouches during development?
They combine with the fourth pharyngeal pouch
What is the consequence of failure in pharyngeal pouch development?
Hearing loss
During which phase of prenatal development does differentiation and migration of internal and external structures occur?
Embryo Phase 2
What is the covering of the pharyngeal arches?
Cartilage
What happens to the 2nd pouch during development?
It is obliterated by the tonsil
What is the function of the pharyngeal pouches derivatives?
To form various structures like the parathyroid glands and thymus
Which pharyngeal pouch develops into the thymus?
3rd pouch
What is the consequence of failure in the development of the third pharyngeal pouch?
Formation of pharyngeal sinuses and cysts
Which cranial nerve is responsible for mastication muscles?
V (trigeminal)
What is the primary function of the eustachian tube?
To regulate pressure in the inner ear
What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?
Production of T-lymphocytes
This quiz tests your knowledge on the consequences of failure to form the middle ear cavity lining, including recurrent otitis media infections and decreased vibration transmission.
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