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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?
During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the pituitary gland release a surge of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
What is the primary function of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle?
During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the uterus shed its lining, resulting in bleeding?
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What is the primary function of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in the menstrual cycle?
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What is the primary function of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
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Which phase of the menstrual cycle follows ovulation?
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Study Notes
Menstrual Cycle
Definition
The menstrual cycle is a natural, recurring process in which the uterus prepares for a potential pregnancy every month.
Phases
-
Menstruation (Days 1-5)
- The uterus sheds its lining, resulting in bleeding
- Hormone levels are low
-
Follicular Phase (Days 1-14)
- Ovaries produce follicles, which release estrogen
- Estrogen stimulates uterine lining growth and thickening
- Pituitary gland releases Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) to stimulate follicle growth
-
Ovulation (Day 14)
- Pituitary gland releases Luteinizing Hormone (LH) surge, triggering ovulation
- Dominant follicle releases an egg into the fallopian tube
-
Luteal Phase (Days 15-28)
- Corpus luteum produces progesterone, which prepares the uterus for implantation
- If pregnancy doesn't occur, corpus luteum degenerates, and progesterone levels drop
Hormonal Regulation
- Estrogen: Stimulates uterine lining growth and thickening
- Progesterone: Prepares the uterus for implantation and maintains pregnancy
- FSH: Stimulates follicle growth and estrogen production
- LH: Triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation
Menstrual Cycle
Definition
- The menstrual cycle is a natural, recurring process that prepares the uterus for a potential pregnancy every month.
Phases
Menstruation
- The uterus sheds its lining, resulting in bleeding.
- Hormone levels are low during this phase.
Follicular Phase
- Ovaries produce follicles that release estrogen.
- Estrogen stimulates uterine lining growth and thickening.
- The pituitary gland releases Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) to stimulate follicle growth.
Ovulation
- The pituitary gland releases a Luteinizing Hormone (LH) surge, triggering ovulation.
- The dominant follicle releases an egg into the fallopian tube.
Luteal Phase
- The corpus luteum produces progesterone, which prepares the uterus for implantation.
- If pregnancy doesn't occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, and progesterone levels drop.
Hormonal Regulation
- Estrogen stimulates uterine lining growth and thickening.
- Progesterone prepares the uterus for implantation and maintains pregnancy.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle growth and estrogen production.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation.
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Description
Learn about the natural, recurring process of the menstrual cycle, including its phases, hormone levels, and uterine lining preparation for potential pregnancy.
