Neural control of CV quiz

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Which part of the nervous system controls the circulation?

Central Nervous system

Somatic Nervous system

Sympathetic Nervous system (correct)

Parasympathetic Nervous system

Where do sympathetic vasomotor nerve fibers leave the spinal cord?

Sacral spinal nerves

Coccygeal spinal nerves

Lumbar spinal nerves (correct)

Cervical spinal nerves

How do sympathetic vasomotor nerve fibers reach the circulation?

Through the parasympathetic nervous system

Through the central nervous system

Through the sympathetic chain (correct)

Through the somatic nervous system

What is the innervation of blood vessels?

All blood vessels are innervated Signup and view all the answers

How does sympathetic stimulation affect blood flow through the tissues?

It increases resistance to blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What role does sympathetic stimulation of large vessels, particularly veins, play in the regulation of heart pumping?

It decreases the volume of the veins Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cardiovascular system is mainly innervated by specific sympathetic nerves?

Veins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the sympathetic fibers' effect on the heart?

They increase heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main circulatory effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Decreasing heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Where is the vasomotor center located?

In the brainstem Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vasoconstrictor area in the vasomotor center?

To excite preganglionic vasoconstrictor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone on blood vessels?

It maintains a partial state of constriction Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sympathetic nerve impulses are blocked?

Arterial pressure decreases Signup and view all the answers

What transmitters are involved in the control of heart activity by the vasomotor center?

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors detect simultaneous increases in pressure in the low-pressure areas of the circulation?

Low-pressure receptors in the atria Signup and view all the answers

What do the low-pressure receptors elicit in response to the increase in volume?

Baroreceptor reflexes Signup and view all the answers

What response occurs in the vasomotor center during CNS ischemia?

Vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the CNS ischemic response on systemic atrial pressure?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cushing reaction?

Increased pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid around the brain Signup and view all the answers

What does the abdominal compression reflex help to increase?

Cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What effect does inspiration have on the pressure in the thoracic cavity?

It becomes more negative Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the expansion of blood vessels in the chest during inspiration have on cardiac output and arterial pressure?

It increases cardiac output but decreases arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiac index?

Cardiac output per square meter of body surface area Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the increase in arterial pressure described in the text?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the arterial baroreceptor system?

To reduce minute by minute variation in arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of carotid and aortic chemoreceptors?

To respond to reduced arterial oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the baroreceptor reflex?

Stretch receptors in the walls of large systemic arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the atria and pulmonary arteries in regulating arterial pressure?

To respond to changes in blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the arterial pressure in the head and upper body tends to fall?

The baroreceptors transmit signals into the CNS to reduce arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major actions that explain the increase in arterial pressure?

Constriction of arterioles, constriction of venous and large vessel reservoirs, and direct stimulation of the heart Signup and view all the answers