The Material Self: Identity and Possessions

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary reason possessions are important for adolescents?

  • They help manage their identities and perception by peers. (correct)
  • They represent their family's legacy.
  • They provide financial security.
  • They serve as tools for productivity.

Possessions have no significance to older adults in terms of memory and legacy.

False (B)

How do adolescents use possessions to differentiate themselves from their parents?

By valuing items that represent individuality while maintaining a sense of shared identity with peers.

In older adults, possessions serve as vessels of __________ and sources of comfort.

<p>memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following age groups with their relationship to possessions:

<p>Adolescents = Help manage identity and peer perception Adults = Utilitarian usage based on changing needs Older Adults = Vessels of memory and legacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Russell Belk, what do objects become in relation to ourselves?

<p>Extensions of our identity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Materialism is directly related to higher self-esteem.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three ways Sartre noted through which we connect with objects?

<p>Controlling an object, creating or buying an object, knowing about an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Belk, the first stage in the development of the material self is when the infant distinguishes self from _______.

<p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

<p>Material Self = Objects that extend our identity Materialism = Belief in the importance of material objects for happiness Self-esteem = One's sense of personal value Cultural differences = Variations in experiences across different cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is said to be inversely related to materialism?

<p>Self-esteem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The connection of the self to the material world remains static throughout a person's life.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does investing time to study something lead to in terms of the material self?

<p>It becomes a part of one's identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Material Self

The part of the self that is connected to possessions and objects. This includes things we use, own, and create.

Materialism

The belief that material possessions are important for happiness and success.

Self-Esteem

How much a person values and respects themselves.

Material Self Connection

The way we connect with objects through control, creation, or knowledge.

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Materialism and Self-Esteem Relationship

Materialism is often negatively correlated with self-esteem. People who value material possessions a lot might have lower self-esteem and use things to compensate.

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Material Self Development

The way the material self changes and grows throughout a person's life.

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Stages of Material Self Development

A progression of understanding/use of possessions, moving from distinguishing self from the environment to the influence of others.

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William James

He was a psychologist who contributed to the study of the material self.

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Jean-Paul Sartre

A philosopher who explored how we connect to objects.

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Russell Belk

A researcher who studied how objects become extensions of our identities.

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Possessions and Adolescent Identity

Adolescents' attachment to possessions is closely tied to how they perceive themselves and want to be perceived, particularly by their peers. They seek possessions that reflect shared identity with peers and differentiate themselves from parents.

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Emotional Attachment (Possessions)

The happiness or pleasure derived from a possession influences how valuable it becomes to a person.

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Social Meaning (Possessions)

Possessions can represent social status, belonging, and attract attention.

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Personal Association(Possessions)

Possessions represent personal values, beliefs, and self-concept.

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Possessions and Adult Identity

Adults' possessions change with their needs and resources throughout life. A parent's values and priorities often influence the types of possessions they desire.

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Possessions as Memory Vessels (老年人)

In old age, possessions become linked to memories, comfort, and achievements, serving as legacy items for future generations.

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Possessions and Continuity (老年人)

For the elderly, possessions symbolize a connection to the past and help manage the transition into old age, acting as a framework for continuity.

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Possessions and Death Preparation (老年人)

For the elderly, possessions provide a sense of closure and prepare them for death. They may represent a legacy/history.

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Study Notes

The Material Self

  • Objects in daily use reflect one's individuality.
  • Possessions connect the self to one's identity.
  • Researchers like William James and Jean-Paul Sartre, and Russell Belk studied how objects become extensions of identity.
  • Tools, weapons, uniforms, and clothing items are examples of how possessions extend identity.
  • A tool doubles strength, a weapon extends reach, a uniform shows group affiliation, and a t-shirt can recall travels.
  • Sartre identified three ways to connect with objects:
    • Controlling an object (like riding a bike or training a dog).
    • Creating or buying an object.
    • Knowing about an object to show interest.
  • Materialism is linked to the belief that material possessions define happiness and success.
  • Materialism is inversely related to self-esteem, meaning it might be used to compensate for low self-esteem or lacking personal satisfaction.
  • The connection with the material world changes throughout life.
  • Belk (1988) proposed four stages in this development:
    • Infants distinguish themselves from the environment.
    • Infants distinguish themselves from others.
    • Adolescents and adults use possessions to manage their identities.
    • Older people view possessions as continuity and preparation for death.
  • Adolescent attachment to objects is increasingly related to how others perceive them, especially peers.
  • Teens may also value items to demonstrate difference from their parents.
  • Young people value possessions due to:
    • Emotional attachment
    • Social meaning ("ability to attract people")
    • Personal association
  • Adult needs and means change, so their interests in objects also change.
  • Older age associates possessions with memory, comfort, achievement, and legacy.

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