The Mangyan of Mindoro Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the collective name for the eight ethnolinguistic groups who inhabit the highland region of Mindoro?

Mangyan

Which of the following are Northern Tribes of the Mangyan?

  • Bangon
  • Buhid
  • Iraya (correct)
  • Alangan (correct)
  • Tau-Buid (correct)
  • Tadyawan (correct)
  • Ratagnon
  • Hanunoo

    • The Mangyans were originally coastal dwellers.

    True (A)

    How many years ago did the Mangyan settle along the shores of Mindoro Island?

    <p>600-700 years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Mangyans live in large cities and towns.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the mountain where most Alangan Mangyans live?

    <p>Mt. Halcon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the river where the Alangan Mangyan reside?

    <p>Alangan River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the name Alangan mean according to historians?

    <p>in between</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tree trunk used as a bridge in the Alangan River?

    <p>alang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the breechcloth worn by the Alangan Mangyan men?

    <p>bahag/abay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the skirt worn by the Alangan Mangyan women?

    <p>lingeb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agriculture is commonly practiced by the Alangan Mangyan?

    <p>upland farming and swidden agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the traditional Alangan house?

    <p>Balaylakoy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fireplace at the center of the Alangan house?

    <p>poypoyan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the thanksgiving ritual practiced for a good harvest?

    <p>Pamago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tribe leader in the Alangan Mangyan community?

    <p>Tanungan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the community leader in the Alangan Mangyan community?

    <p>Nayon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the individual responsible for administering punishments for breaches of customary laws?

    <p>Bokal/Konsehal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of the Mangyan is considered the largest?

    <p>Hanunuo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hanunuo are considered the artisans of the Mangyan.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the traditional writing system used by the Hanunoo Mangyan?

    <p>Surat Hanunoo Mangyan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the word 'Hanunuo' mean?

    <p>truly, real, or genuine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the loincloth worn by Hanunoo men?

    <p>Ba-ag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the shirt worn by the Hanunoo men?

    <p>Balukas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the blouse worn by the Hanunoo women?

    <p>Lambung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the knee-length skirt worn by the Hanunoo women?

    <p>Ramit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the weaving process that allowed the Hanunoo to produce intricate woven cotton goods?

    <p>Habilan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the design or pattern that the Hanunoo embroider on their clothes?

    <p>Pakudos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the names of the tribe elder or leader and the tribe healer?

    <p>Gurangan and Talaghusay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ritual where the Hanunoo dig up the remains of their dead loved one a year after his or her death?

    <p>Kutkot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hanunoo's main source of livelihood is fishing.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the poem that the Hanunuo use for courting, parenting, welcoming visitors, and other social functions?

    <p>Ambahan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ambahan poems are written on palm leaves using a sharp bamboo tool.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Mangyan groups

    Eight ethnolinguistic groups living in Mindoro highlands.

    Northern Mangyan tribes

    Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, and Tau-Buid.

    Southern Mangyan tribes

    Bangon, Buhid, Hanunoo, and Ratagnon.

    Original Mangyan habitat

    Coastal regions of Mindoro.

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    Mangyan migration

    Moved inland to the mountains to avoid influence of foreigners.

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    Mangyan seclusion

    Mangyans live in remote parts of Mindoro today.

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    Southern Mangyan advancement

    More developed in weaving, pottery, and writing systems.

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    Northern Mangyan tradition

    Preserve traditions strictly and have simpler lifestyles.

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    Alangan Mangyan location

    Live near the Alangan River, at the foot of Mt. Halcon.

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    Alangan River meaning

    Meaning "in between" due to the river's location.

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    Alangan Mangyan clothing (men)

    Bahag/abay, a tree-bark breechcloth.

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    Alangan Mangyan clothing (women)

    Lingeb, abayen, and ulango, various skirts and coverings.

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    Balaylakoy

    Traditional Alangan house, home to families.

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    Alangan substinence

    Upalnd farming and swidden agriculture.

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    Poypoyan

    Fireplace at the center of the Balaylakoy, crucial part of the house.

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    Alangan Political Structure

    Tanungan (tribe leader), Nayon (community leader), Bokal/Konsehal (administers punishments).

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    Hanunuo Mangyan location

    Largest Mangyan group in Bulalacao, Mansalay, parts of Bongabong, and San Jose.

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    Hanunuo meaning

    Means "truly", "real", or "genuine".

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    Hanunuo Mangyan distinction

    Known as the "artisans of the Mangyans".

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    Hanunuo Writing System

    Surat Hanunuo Mangyan, distinct traditional writing system.

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    Hanunuo Mangyan Clothing (Men)

    Ba-ag (loincloth), Balukas (shirt)

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    Hanunuo Mangyan Clothing (Women)

    Lambung (blouse), Ramit (skirt).

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    Hanunuo Weaving

    Habilan, intricate weaving process of Hanunuo Mangyan.

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    Hanunuo Design

    Pakudos, symmetrical cross-shaped design/pattern.

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    Hanunuo Leadership

    Gurangan (elder, leader); Talaghusay (tribe healer).

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    Hanunuo Livelihoods

    Agriculture, livestock, and selling crafts (baskets, fabrics).

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    Ambahan

    Hanunuo poem with social functions (courting, parenting).

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    Study Notes

    The Mangyan of Mindoro

    • The Mangyan are a collective name for eight ethnolinguistic groups inhabiting the highland region of Mindoro.
    • The eight groups are divided into Northern and Southern tribes.
    • Northern tribes include: Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, Tau-Buid.
    • Southern tribes include: Bangon, Buhid, Hanunoo, Ratagnon.
    • Originally, Mangyans were coastal dwellers.
    • They later moved inland to the mountains to avoid foreign settlers.
    • Mangyans settled along the shores of Mindoro approximately 600-700 years ago.
    • Currently, Mangyans live in remote parts of Mindoro.
    • Southern tribes are more advanced in weaving, pottery, and writing systems.
    • Northern tribes have simpler living styles and preserve traditions rigorously.

    The Alangan Mangyan

    • Most Alangan Mangyans live at the foot of Mount Halcon, near the Alangan River.
    • The Alangan river is located between the mountainous terrain of Oriental and Occidental Mindoro.
    • The name Alangan comes from the river, literally meaning "in between" due to its location.
    • Alternatively, the name Alangan derives from a tree trunk used as a bridge across the river.
    • Men's clothing includes a bahag/abay (breechcloth) made from tree bark.
    • Women's clothing includes a linge (skirt) made from nito vine, abayen (skirt) from barokan tree bark, and ulango (upper covering) from wild buri palm leaves.
    • Traditional houses (Balaylakoy) have a "poypoyan" (fireplace) that is central to the structure and holds cultural significance.
    • Alangan rely on upland farming and swidden agriculture for sustenance.
    • The area used for swidden farming is left fallow for 5-10 years.
    • They believe land where someone died should not be cleared for farming.
    • The community is led by the Tanungan (tribe leader) and Nayon (community leader).
    • Bokal/Konsehal administers customary laws and punishments.
    • Pamago is a thanksgiving ritual for a good harvest.

    The Hanunuo Mangyan

    • Hanunoo is the largest group of Mangyans.
    • They primarily live in Bulalacao, Mansalay, and parts of Bongabong in Oriental Mindoro, and in San Jose in Occidental Mindoro.
    • Hanunuo means "truly", "real", or "genuine".
    • The Hanunuo people are considered "artisans of the Mangyans" due to their skilled traditional writing system (Surat Hanunuo Mangyan).
    • Males typically wear a ba-ag (loincloth) and balukas (shirt).
    • Females typically wear a lambung (blouse) and a ramit (knee-length skirt).
    • Habilan is the weaving process where they produce intricately designed and expertly executed woven cotton goods.
    • Pakudos is a symmetrical, cross-shaped design embroidered on clothing, symbolizing protection.
    • Gurangan (elder or leader) and Talaghusay (tribe healer) function as advisors to the community.
    • Kutkot is a funeral ritual where the remains of deceased loved ones are exhumed a year later.
    • The Hanunuo depend on agriculture and livestock for sustenance, but also sell crafts like baskets and fabrics.

    The Ambahan of the Hanunuo Mangyan

    • Ambahan is a poem used in social situations like courting, parenting, or welcoming visitors.
    • Ambahan poems address everyday life, like friendship, marriage, sickness, and work.
    • Ambahan poems are written and carved using the Surat Hanunuo Mangyan writing system into bamboo using a sharp metal tool.

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    The Mangyan of Mindoro PDF

    Description

    Explore the rich cultural heritage of the Mangyan people, comprised of eight ethnolinguistic groups in Mindoro. Discover the distinctions between the Northern and Southern tribes, their traditional lifestyles, and advancements in arts and crafts. Gain insight into their historical migration and current living conditions.

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