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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for leaving an area used for swidden farming for 5 to 10 years?
What is the primary reason for leaving an area used for swidden farming for 5 to 10 years?
Which of the following leaders administers punishments for breaches of customary laws among the Mangyan?
Which of the following leaders administers punishments for breaches of customary laws among the Mangyan?
What does the term 'Hanunuo' mean in relation to the Mangyan people?
What does the term 'Hanunuo' mean in relation to the Mangyan people?
Which of the following items is traditionally worn by Hanunuo Mangyan men?
Which of the following items is traditionally worn by Hanunuo Mangyan men?
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What does the traditional writing system of the Hanunuo Mangyan called 'Surat Hanunuo' represent?
What does the traditional writing system of the Hanunuo Mangyan called 'Surat Hanunuo' represent?
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What is the primary source of livelihood for the Hanunuo Mangyan people?
What is the primary source of livelihood for the Hanunuo Mangyan people?
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In Hanunuo culture, what does the 'Pakudos' design symbolize?
In Hanunuo culture, what does the 'Pakudos' design symbolize?
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What is the function of an Ambahan among the Hanunuo Mangyan?
What is the function of an Ambahan among the Hanunuo Mangyan?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the Southern tribes of the Mangyan?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Southern tribes of the Mangyan?
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What does the term 'Alangan' signify in relation to the Alangan Mangyan?
What does the term 'Alangan' signify in relation to the Alangan Mangyan?
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What type of agriculture do the Alangan Mangyan primarily rely on for sustenance?
What type of agriculture do the Alangan Mangyan primarily rely on for sustenance?
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How is the Alangan Mangyan traditional house described?
How is the Alangan Mangyan traditional house described?
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Which tribe is included in the Northern group of the Mangyan?
Which tribe is included in the Northern group of the Mangyan?
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What materials are used for the traditional men's clothing in the Alangan Mangyan community?
What materials are used for the traditional men's clothing in the Alangan Mangyan community?
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How did the Mangyan people adapt to the influx of foreign settlers?
How did the Mangyan people adapt to the influx of foreign settlers?
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What does the name 'taga Alangan' imply about the Alangan Mangyan?
What does the name 'taga Alangan' imply about the Alangan Mangyan?
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Study Notes
The Mangyan of Mindoro
- The Mangyan are a collective name for eight ethnolinguistic groups inhabiting the highland region of Mindoro.
- The groups are categorized as Northern and Southern tribes.
- Northern tribes include Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, and Tau-Buid.
- Southern tribes include Bangon, Buhid, Hanunoo, and Ratagnon.
Mangyan History and Lifestyle
- Originally, Mangyans lived along the coast of Mindoro.
- They moved inland to the mountains to avoid foreign settlers and their influence.
- The Mangyan have inhabited Mindoro for approximately 600-700 years.
- Today, Mangyans largely live in remote parts of Mindoro.
Mangyan Cultural Differences
- Southern tribes are more advanced in weaving, pottery, and writing.
- Northern tribes have simpler ways of living and have a stricter adherence to preserving traditions and practices.
The Alangan Mangyan
- Most Alangan Mangyans live near the foot of Mount Halcon, near the Alangan River.
- The river is located between the Oriental and Occidental Mindoro mountainous regions.
- The name "Alangan" comes from the river, meaning "in between." Alternately, it's derived from a tree trunk used as a bridge over the river.
Alangan Mangyan Clothing
- Men's clothing: Bahag/Abay - breechcloth made from tree bark
- Women's clothing:
- Lingeb - skirt made from nito vine
- Abayen - skirt made from the barokan tree bark
- Ulango - upper covering made from wild buri palm leaves
Alangan Mangyan Lifestyle
- Balaylakoy - traditional house for 20-50 families, led by a kuyay. It also features a "poypoyan."
- Farming: primarily upland farming and swidden agriculture.
- Land use: areas used for swidden farming are left fallow for 5-10 years.
- Respect for the dead: the place where someone has died should not be cleared for farming.
- Political structure:
- Tanungan - village leader
- Nayon - community leader
- Bokal/Konsehal - administers community punishments.
- Pamago - thanksgiving ritual for good harvests.
- Póypoyan - fireplace, vital part of the Balaylakoy.
The Hanunuo Mangyan
- The Hanunuo/Hanunoo are the largest Mangyan group, living in Bulalacao, Mansalay, Bongabong (Oriental Mindoro) and San Jose (Occidental Mindoro).
- Hanunuo means "truly," "real," or "genuine."
- Considered "artisans of the Mangyans"
- Surat Hanunuo Mangyan - their traditional writing system; language is "Mangyan."
Hanunuo Mangyan Clothing
- Men's: Ba-ag - loincloth; Balukas - shirt
- Women's: Lambung - blouse; Ramit - knee-length skirt.
Hanunuo Mangyan Practices
- Habilan - weaving process for producing intricately designed woven cotton goods.
- Pakudos - design/pattern embroidered on clothes, a symmetrical, cross-shaped symbol signifying protection.
- Cultural Roles of Gurangan(elder) and Talaghusay(tribe healer)
- Kutkot- ritual of digging up remains of a dead loved one after a year.
- Economic Activities: agriculture and livestock, selling crafts like baskets and fabrics.
- Ambahan – their poem, with social significance, frequently used in courtship, parenting, and greeting visitors.
- Composition & performance of Ambahan: used to communicate social messages and emotions.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of the Mangyan, a collection of eight ethnolinguistic groups from Mindoro. This quiz covers their history, lifestyle, and cultural differences between the Northern and Southern tribes. Discover how their traditions have survived through centuries and learn about specific groups like the Alangan Mangyan.
