Biochemistry of Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which group of biological molecules has the basic formula Cx(H2O)x?

  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
  • Lipids
  • Carbohydrates (correct)

    • What is the defining characteristic of monosaccharides?

  • Contain at least two sugars
  • Can be catabolized into glucose
  • End in suffix '-ase'
  • Contain one sugar (correct)

    • How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbons?

  • 3-9 carbons (correct)
  • 2-6 carbons
  • 10-15 carbons
  • 7-12 carbons

    • What determines whether a monosaccharide is classified as an aldose or a ketose?

    <p>The position of the carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage form of energy in plants?

    <p>Inulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide cannot be digested by humans?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural carbohydrate exhibits greater strength than others?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycosidic linkage is present in cellobiose?

    <p>β-1, 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is found in broccoli, beans, and cabbage?

    <p>Raffinose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycosidic linkage is present in amylose?

    <p>α-1, 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans due to the lack of β-galactosidase?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is a copolymer of glucaronate and mannuronate?

    <p>Alginate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural carbohydrate is found in brown algae and kelp?

    <p>Alginate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural polysaccharide is the most abundant biological molecule on Earth?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is a linear polymer of several thousand glucose monomers?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stereochemistry is most common in naturally occurring carbohydrates?

    <p>D stereochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common D-aldose?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the envelope-like structures associated with in biochemistry?

    <p>Furanoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other called?

    <p>Mutarotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can monosaccharides in their cyclic form be represented?

    <p>Using Haworth projections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are glycosidic bonds?

    <p>Linkages that join monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are polysaccharides?

    <p>Polymers of monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do polysaccharides serve in biochemistry?

    <p>Both structural roles and as a stored form of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common disaccharides composed of?

    <p>Two glucose molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trisaccharide found in certain vegetables, indigestible by humans due to the lack of α-galactosidase?

    <p>Raffinose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chemically modified monosaccharides?

    <p>Monosaccharides with chemical groups added or removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of linkages in polysaccharides?

    <p>The type of monosaccharides involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a defining characteristic of monosaccharides?

    <p>Contain one sugar and end in the suffix &quot;-ose&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a monosaccharide is classified as an aldose or a ketose?

    <p>The presence of aldehyde or ketone functional group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other called?

    <p>Mutarotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural carbohydrate is found in brown algae and kelp?

    <p>Laminarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do polysaccharides serve in biochemistry?

    <p>Energy storage and structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following monosaccharides is a D-ketose?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme that degrades raffinose found in certain vegetables?

    <p>α-galactosidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of monosaccharides can be represented using Haworth projections?

    <p>Cyclic form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which linkage is present in amylose?

    <p>α-1,4-glycosidic linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other called?

    <p>Mutarotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stereochemistry do most naturally occurring carbohydrates have?

    <p>D stereochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of raffinose?

    <p>Trisaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycosidic linkage is present in inulin?

    <p>β-1,4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural carbohydrate exhibits greater strength than others?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant biological molecule on Earth?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellobiose can be classified as a:

    <p>Disaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the structure of cellobiose, it has a ______ glycosidic linkage.

    <p>β-1,4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is found in chicory and added to many foods?

    <p>Inulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides in Biochemistry

    • Monosaccharides are classified based on the stereochemistry of the penultimate carbon, with most naturally occurring carbohydrates having D stereochemistry.
    • The most common D-aldoses include glucose, mannose, galactose, ribose, and glyceraldehyde, while the most common D-ketoses are fructose, xylulose, and dihydroxyacetone.
    • Furanoses have an envelope-like structure, while pyranoses can adopt various conformations such as chair and boat forms.
    • Epimers are carbohydrates that differ at one stereocenter, for example, glucose and galactose (C-4 epimer).
    • The anomeric carbon is the former carbonyl carbon from the hemiacetal/hemiketal, with α and β anomers resulting from the formation of a new chiral center.
    • Mutarotation is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other, involving the opening and reclosing of cyclic structures.
    • Monosaccharides in their cyclic form can be represented using Haworth projections.
    • Chemically modified monosaccharides include amino sugars, acylation, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, and deoxy sugars.
    • Glycosidic bonds are linkages that join monosaccharides, and they can occur through amines or hydroxyls.
    • Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides, serving structural roles or as a stored form of energy.
    • Polysaccharides are formed by linkages dependent on α or β linkages and the number of carbons involved in the linkage.
    • Common disaccharides include lactose (glucose and galactose), sucrose (glucose and fructose), and maltose (two glucose molecules), each degraded by specific enzymes. Raffinose is a trisaccharide found in certain vegetables, indigestible by humans due to the lack of α-galactosidase.

    Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides in Biochemistry

    • Monosaccharides are classified based on the stereochemistry of the penultimate carbon, with most naturally occurring carbohydrates having D stereochemistry.
    • The most common D-aldoses include glucose, mannose, galactose, ribose, and glyceraldehyde, while the most common D-ketoses are fructose, xylulose, and dihydroxyacetone.
    • Furanoses have an envelope-like structure, while pyranoses can adopt various conformations such as chair and boat forms.
    • Epimers are carbohydrates that differ at one stereocenter, for example, glucose and galactose (C-4 epimer).
    • The anomeric carbon is the former carbonyl carbon from the hemiacetal/hemiketal, with α and β anomers resulting from the formation of a new chiral center.
    • Mutarotation is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other, involving the opening and reclosing of cyclic structures.
    • Monosaccharides in their cyclic form can be represented using Haworth projections.
    • Chemically modified monosaccharides include amino sugars, acylation, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, and deoxy sugars.
    • Glycosidic bonds are linkages that join monosaccharides, and they can occur through amines or hydroxyls.
    • Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides, serving structural roles or as a stored form of energy.
    • Polysaccharides are formed by linkages dependent on α or β linkages and the number of carbons involved in the linkage.
    • Common disaccharides include lactose (glucose and galactose), sucrose (glucose and fructose), and maltose (two glucose molecules), each degraded by specific enzymes. Raffinose is a trisaccharide found in certain vegetables, indigestible by humans due to the lack of α-galactosidase.

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    Biochem Chapter 6 Carbohydrates PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in biochemistry with this quiz. Explore the classification of monosaccharides, their cyclic forms, chemically modified types, glycosidic bonds, and the role of polysaccharides as energy stores or structural components. Brush up on disaccharides and their specific enzyme degradation, and enhance your understanding of important biochemical concepts.

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