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Questions and Answers
Which group of biological molecules has the basic formula Cx(H2O)x?
Which group of biological molecules has the basic formula Cx(H2O)x?
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates (correct)
What is the defining characteristic of monosaccharides?
What is the defining characteristic of monosaccharides?
- Contain at least two sugars
- Can be catabolized into glucose
- End in suffix '-ase'
- Contain one sugar (correct)
How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbons?
How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbons?
- 3-9 carbons (correct)
- 2-6 carbons
- 10-15 carbons
- 7-12 carbons
What determines whether a monosaccharide is classified as an aldose or a ketose?
What determines whether a monosaccharide is classified as an aldose or a ketose?
What is the storage form of energy in plants?
What is the storage form of energy in plants?
Which polysaccharide cannot be digested by humans?
Which polysaccharide cannot be digested by humans?
Which structural carbohydrate exhibits greater strength than others?
Which structural carbohydrate exhibits greater strength than others?
Which glycosidic linkage is present in cellobiose?
Which glycosidic linkage is present in cellobiose?
Which carbohydrate is found in broccoli, beans, and cabbage?
Which carbohydrate is found in broccoli, beans, and cabbage?
Which carbohydrate is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
Which carbohydrate is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
Which glycosidic linkage is present in amylose?
Which glycosidic linkage is present in amylose?
Which carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans due to the lack of β-galactosidase?
Which carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans due to the lack of β-galactosidase?
Which carbohydrate is a copolymer of glucaronate and mannuronate?
Which carbohydrate is a copolymer of glucaronate and mannuronate?
Which structural carbohydrate is found in brown algae and kelp?
Which structural carbohydrate is found in brown algae and kelp?
Which structural polysaccharide is the most abundant biological molecule on Earth?
Which structural polysaccharide is the most abundant biological molecule on Earth?
Which carbohydrate is a linear polymer of several thousand glucose monomers?
Which carbohydrate is a linear polymer of several thousand glucose monomers?
Which type of stereochemistry is most common in naturally occurring carbohydrates?
Which type of stereochemistry is most common in naturally occurring carbohydrates?
Which of the following is a common D-aldose?
Which of the following is a common D-aldose?
What are the envelope-like structures associated with in biochemistry?
What are the envelope-like structures associated with in biochemistry?
What is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other called?
What is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other called?
How can monosaccharides in their cyclic form be represented?
How can monosaccharides in their cyclic form be represented?
What are glycosidic bonds?
What are glycosidic bonds?
What are polysaccharides?
What are polysaccharides?
What role do polysaccharides serve in biochemistry?
What role do polysaccharides serve in biochemistry?
What are common disaccharides composed of?
What are common disaccharides composed of?
What is the trisaccharide found in certain vegetables, indigestible by humans due to the lack of α-galactosidase?
What is the trisaccharide found in certain vegetables, indigestible by humans due to the lack of α-galactosidase?
What are chemically modified monosaccharides?
What are chemically modified monosaccharides?
What determines the type of linkages in polysaccharides?
What determines the type of linkages in polysaccharides?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of monosaccharides?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of monosaccharides?
What determines whether a monosaccharide is classified as an aldose or a ketose?
What determines whether a monosaccharide is classified as an aldose or a ketose?
Which carbohydrate is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
Which carbohydrate is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
What is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other called?
What is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other called?
Which structural carbohydrate is found in brown algae and kelp?
Which structural carbohydrate is found in brown algae and kelp?
What role do polysaccharides serve in biochemistry?
What role do polysaccharides serve in biochemistry?
Which of the following monosaccharides is a D-ketose?
Which of the following monosaccharides is a D-ketose?
What is the enzyme that degrades raffinose found in certain vegetables?
What is the enzyme that degrades raffinose found in certain vegetables?
Which form of monosaccharides can be represented using Haworth projections?
Which form of monosaccharides can be represented using Haworth projections?
Which linkage is present in amylose?
Which linkage is present in amylose?
What is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other called?
What is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other called?
What type of stereochemistry do most naturally occurring carbohydrates have?
What type of stereochemistry do most naturally occurring carbohydrates have?
What is the structure of raffinose?
What is the structure of raffinose?
Which glycosidic linkage is present in inulin?
Which glycosidic linkage is present in inulin?
What is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
What is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
Which structural carbohydrate exhibits greater strength than others?
Which structural carbohydrate exhibits greater strength than others?
What is the most abundant biological molecule on Earth?
What is the most abundant biological molecule on Earth?
Cellobiose can be classified as a:
Cellobiose can be classified as a:
Based on the structure of cellobiose, it has a ______ glycosidic linkage.
Based on the structure of cellobiose, it has a ______ glycosidic linkage.
Which carbohydrate is found in chicory and added to many foods?
Which carbohydrate is found in chicory and added to many foods?
Flashcards
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars, the basic building blocks of carbohydrates
Stereochemistry
Stereochemistry
Study of three-dimensional spatial arrangement of atoms.
D-stereochemistry
D-stereochemistry
Most common stereochemistry for naturally occurring carbohydrates
Aldoses
Aldoses
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Ketoses
Ketoses
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Glucose
Glucose
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Fructose
Fructose
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Furanoses
Furanoses
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Pyranoses
Pyranoses
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Epimers
Epimers
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Anomeric carbon
Anomeric carbon
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α-anomer
α-anomer
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β-anomer
β-anomer
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Mutarotation
Mutarotation
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Haworth projections
Haworth projections
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Glycosidic bonds
Glycosidic bonds
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Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides
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Disaccharides
Disaccharides
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Lactose
Lactose
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Sucrose
Sucrose
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Maltose
Maltose
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Raffinose
Raffinose
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Amino sugars
Amino sugars
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Sugar alcohols
Sugar alcohols
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Sugar acids
Sugar acids
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Study Notes
Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides in Biochemistry
- Monosaccharides are classified based on the stereochemistry of the penultimate carbon, with most naturally occurring carbohydrates having D stereochemistry.
- The most common D-aldoses include glucose, mannose, galactose, ribose, and glyceraldehyde, while the most common D-ketoses are fructose, xylulose, and dihydroxyacetone.
- Furanoses have an envelope-like structure, while pyranoses can adopt various conformations such as chair and boat forms.
- Epimers are carbohydrates that differ at one stereocenter, for example, glucose and galactose (C-4 epimer).
- The anomeric carbon is the former carbonyl carbon from the hemiacetal/hemiketal, with α and β anomers resulting from the formation of a new chiral center.
- Mutarotation is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other, involving the opening and reclosing of cyclic structures.
- Monosaccharides in their cyclic form can be represented using Haworth projections.
- Chemically modified monosaccharides include amino sugars, acylation, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, and deoxy sugars.
- Glycosidic bonds are linkages that join monosaccharides, and they can occur through amines or hydroxyls.
- Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides, serving structural roles or as a stored form of energy.
- Polysaccharides are formed by linkages dependent on α or β linkages and the number of carbons involved in the linkage.
- Common disaccharides include lactose (glucose and galactose), sucrose (glucose and fructose), and maltose (two glucose molecules), each degraded by specific enzymes. Raffinose is a trisaccharide found in certain vegetables, indigestible by humans due to the lack of α-galactosidase.
Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides in Biochemistry
- Monosaccharides are classified based on the stereochemistry of the penultimate carbon, with most naturally occurring carbohydrates having D stereochemistry.
- The most common D-aldoses include glucose, mannose, galactose, ribose, and glyceraldehyde, while the most common D-ketoses are fructose, xylulose, and dihydroxyacetone.
- Furanoses have an envelope-like structure, while pyranoses can adopt various conformations such as chair and boat forms.
- Epimers are carbohydrates that differ at one stereocenter, for example, glucose and galactose (C-4 epimer).
- The anomeric carbon is the former carbonyl carbon from the hemiacetal/hemiketal, with α and β anomers resulting from the formation of a new chiral center.
- Mutarotation is the process of converting from one anomeric form to the other, involving the opening and reclosing of cyclic structures.
- Monosaccharides in their cyclic form can be represented using Haworth projections.
- Chemically modified monosaccharides include amino sugars, acylation, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, and deoxy sugars.
- Glycosidic bonds are linkages that join monosaccharides, and they can occur through amines or hydroxyls.
- Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides, serving structural roles or as a stored form of energy.
- Polysaccharides are formed by linkages dependent on α or β linkages and the number of carbons involved in the linkage.
- Common disaccharides include lactose (glucose and galactose), sucrose (glucose and fructose), and maltose (two glucose molecules), each degraded by specific enzymes. Raffinose is a trisaccharide found in certain vegetables, indigestible by humans due to the lack of α-galactosidase.
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Description
Test your knowledge of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in biochemistry with this quiz. Explore the classification of monosaccharides, their cyclic forms, chemically modified types, glycosidic bonds, and the role of polysaccharides as energy stores or structural components. Brush up on disaccharides and their specific enzyme degradation, and enhance your understanding of important biochemical concepts.
