The Life and Death of Thomas Becket

Thomas Becket's Life and Death

• Becket, a skilled lawyer, became Lord Chancellor in 1155 under Henry II.
• Their close friendship was noted, often described as "one heart and one mind," with Henry even placing his son in Becket's care
• Henry desired control over the English Church which often disregarded royal orders in favour of Papal decrees.

Becket's Transformation and Conflict

• Becket was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162 and tasked with church reform.

• His faith deepened significantly; he became devout and adopted austere practices.

• Becket's allegiance shifted from Henry to the Church, refusing to obey royal orders. This clashed with Henry's demands and the king felt betrayed

• Becket refused to crown Henry's son early, potentially fearing the impacts on the line of succession

• Becket sought and gained Papal support in opposition to Henry, leading to conflict in the King's court

• Becket's critical remarks and defiance led to his exile in France for four years.

Becket's Assassination and Martyrdom

• Becket returned to England in 1170.
• His further opposition, like attempting to excommunicate loyal knights, angered Henry.
• A famous phrase attributed to Henry, "Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?", supposedly prompted 4 knights to assassinate Becket within Canterbury Cathedral.
• Becket was mortally wounded, a violent act, which stunned the populace and propelled him to martyrdom.
• The assassination led to a huge outpouring of grief and Becket's quick canonization.

Henry's Repentance

• Henry's wrong actions sparked huge public outcry.
• The incident greatly influenced public opinion and strengthened the position of the Church.
• Henry, realizing his error, sought forgiveness.
• In 1174, he performed a public penance, walking barefoot to Canterbury and undergoing a harsh public ritual presided over by monks and bishops.