Fertilisation to Trilaminar Embryology
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Questions and Answers

Which cell type produces hCG?

  • Cytotrophoblast
  • Syncytioblast (correct)
  • Epiblast
  • Hypoblast

    • On which day is implantation complete?

  • Day 9 (correct)
  • Day 12
  • Day 13
  • Day 14

    • Which cavity forms from the epiblast?

  • Chorionic cavity
  • Amniotic cavity (correct)
  • Primitive yolk sac
  • Definitive yolk sac

    • Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mesoderm layer is responsible for the urogenital systems?

    <p>Intermediate mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the lateral plate mesoderm forms the dermis and lining of body wall?

    <p>Somatic layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which germ layer gives rise to the lining of the gut tube?

    <p>Endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which germ layer gives rise to the epidermis of the skin?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity develops from the extraembryonic mesoderm and later forms the umbilical cord?

    <p>Chorionic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure facilitates implantation and the formation of the placenta?

    <p>Trophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fertilization, what triggers the completion of meiosis 2 in the egg?

    <p>Sperm entry into the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cortical granules released by the oocyte during fertilization?

    <p>To make the zona pellucida impenetrable to other sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process where the one-cell embryo undergoes a series of cleavage divisions?

    <p>Cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the trophoblast and the embryoblast in the blastocyst?

    <p>Trophoblast contacts with the endometrium, while the embryoblast is responsible for the formation of the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where the one-cell embryo changes shape without increase in size within the confines of the zone pellucida?

    <p>Compaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where the blastocyst implants into the endometrial lining of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where implantation occurs outside the uterus?

    <p>Ectopic pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where the placenta lies low in the uterus and partially or completely covers the cervix?

    <p>Placenta previa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fertilization, what is the function of the acrosomal enzymes released from the sperm head?

    <p>To digest its way into the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the lateral plate mesoderm forms the dermis and lining of the body wall?

    <p>Somatic mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During gastrulation, the epiblast cells invaginate through the primitive streak to form which of the following?

    <p>Three primary germ layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the acrosomal enzymes released from the sperm head during fertilization?

    <p>The acrosomal enzymes released from the sperm head help the sperm digest its way into the egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the completion of meiosis 2 in the egg during fertilization?

    <p>The entry of the sperm triggers the completion of meiosis 2 in the egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the blastocyst?

    <p>The blastocyst is comprised of two different cell types: the outer cell mass (trophoblast) and the inner cell mass (embryoblast).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the trophoblast in the blastocyst?

    <p>The trophoblast contacts with the endometrium of the uterus to facilitate implantation and the formation of the placenta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the embryoblast in the blastocyst?

    <p>The embryoblast is responsible for the formation of the embryo itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the blastocyst implant in the uterus?

    <p>The blastocyst implants into the endometrial lining on the posterior or anterior uterine wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two cavities formed on Day 9 of embryonic development?

    <p>amniotic cavity (epiblast) and primitive yolk sac (hypoblast)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cavity that forms on Day 12 and later develops into the umbilical cord?

    <p>chorionic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three primary germ layers formed during gastrulation?

    <p>ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are derived from the ectoderm?

    <p>epidermis of skin, hair, nails and nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are derived from the mesoderm?

    <p>paraxial mesoderm (axial skeleton, skeletal muscle), intermediate mesoderm (urogenital systems), lateral plate mesoderm (somatic layer: dermis, lining of body wall, parts of limbs and visceral layer: cardiovascular system, mesothelial covering of organs, smooth muscle)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are derived from the endoderm?

    <p>lining of gut tube, lining of respiratory tract, lining of bladder and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the blastocyst implants into the endometrial lining of the uterus?

    <p>implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer?

    <p>The zona pellucida supports communication between oocytes and follicle cells during oogenesis; protects oocytes, eggs, and embryos during development, and regulates interactions between ovulated eggs and free-swimming sperm during and following fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzymes does the acrosome produce and what is their purpose?

    <p>Hyaluronidase and acrosin are two acrosomal enzymes that are degradative as they break down the outer membrane of the ovum- zona pellucida.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens on day 7.5 after fertilisation?

    <ul> <li>Trophoblast divides into cytotrophoblast (individual cells) and syncytioblast (single multinucleated cell which produces hCG)</li> <li>Embryobast divides into epiblast (dorsal surface) and hypoblast (ventral surface)</li> <li>Amniotic cavity begins to form</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens on day 9 after fertilisation?

    <ul> <li>Formation of 2 cavities = amniotic cavity (epiblast) and primitive yolk sac (hypoblast)</li> <li>Implantation complete</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens on day 12 after fertilisation?

    <ul> <li>Uteroplacental circulation established -Maternal blood flows into the lacunae (gaps in the the trophoblast) to diffuse to the embryoblast</li> <li>Extraembryonic mesoderm develops then degenerates, forming chorionic cavity</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens on day 13 after fertilisation?

    <ul> <li>Further development of chorionic cavity</li> <li>Presence of connecting stalk (later umbilical cord)</li> <li>Second wave of hypoblast cells migrate to form definitive (secondary) yolk sac</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

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