The Indian Judiciary Overview

The power of a court to hear and decide cases.

A formal written order from a court.

A dispute between individuals or groups, not involving a crime.

A dispute between a citizen and the government, alleging a crime.

Courts that travel to different locations to provide justice.

The highest court in each state, responsible for upholding the constitution and ensuring justice.

The presiding judge of the High Court, appointed by the president.

Judges of the High Court appointed by the president after consulting the Chief Justice of India and the governor.

A citizen of India with at least ten years' experience as a High Court advocate or a judicial officer.

The High Court has the power to adjudicate on cases related to fundamental rights.

The High Court can issue writs, which are orders that direct a specific action or prevent one.

The High Court can review decisions from lower courts.

Lower courts in a state, including district courts and courts below.

Criminal disputes involve wrongs against society, such as theft, robbery, murder, or arson.

The government brings criminal cases against individuals.

Criminal law focuses on punishing wrongdoings. This can involve fines, arrests, or imprisonment.

Appellate jurisdiction allows higher courts to review decisions of lower courts.

When a higher court changes the decision of a lower court, it's called overturning.

Bhole Ram was illiterate and signed a document without understanding its contents.

The High Court recognized that Bhole Ram was tricked into signing the document, so the agreement was deemed unfair.

It's crucial to protect vulnerable individuals from unfair contracts and ensure justice.

The body that upholds the law, punishes the guilty, and resolves disputes. It ensures the protection of citizens' basic rights and safeguards the constitution's supremacy.

A system where a person dissatisfied with a lower court's verdict can appeal to a higher court.

The highest court in India, headed by the Chief Justice, with 25 judges whose number can be increased by Parliament. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President, while other judges are appointed on the Chief Justice's recommendation.

The Supreme Court's power to hear appeals from High Court judgments in both civil and criminal cases.

The Supreme Court's role in advising the President and the Council of Ministers on constitutional and public importance issues, although the advice is not binding on the President.

The Supreme Court's ability to issue orders to enforce fundamental rights, provide compensation to victims, punish offenders, and declare laws or policies contradicting the Constitution as illegal.

The Supreme Court maintains records of all cases and judgments.

Any act opposing or defying the authority of a court, which the Supreme Court has the power to punish.

A system of alternative dispute resolution in India, used to resolve disputes quickly and cost-effectively.

A legal structure where all courts in the country operate under the Supreme Court's authority, allowing appeals to higher courts for dissatisfied citizens.

The right to a fair trial, access to justice, and protection of fundamental rights.

A legal process where a dissatisfied party can request a higher court to review the decisions of a lower court.

The ability to express your religious beliefs without being forced to perform acts that go against your beliefs.

The right to be treated without prejudice or discrimination.

A legal principle that ensures the rights of all citizens are protected by the courts.