The Importance and Definition of Floods

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Questions and Answers

Match the following flood mechanisms with their descriptions:

Snowmelt runoff = Water from melting snow exceeding river capacity Storm rainfall = Intense precipitation overwhelming drainage systems Rain on snow = Combination of rainfall and snowmelt leading to increased runoff Ice jams = Accumulation of ice restricting water flow, causing flooding

Match the following terms with their definitions in the context of flooding:

Discharge = Volume of water crossing a point in a river channel at a given time River banks = High part of the river channel that confines water to the channel Floodplain = Low area beside a river channel that occasionally floods Floodway = A channel built to divert floodwaters

Match each Canadian city to a year it experienced flooding:

Calgary = 2013 Edmonton = 2004 Winnipeg = 1950 Montreal = 2017

Match the following cities with their corresponding province:

St. John's = New Brunswick Montreal = Quebec Toronto = Ontario Vancouver = British Columbia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to flood preparedness with their associated rating from the University of Waterloo study:

Canada's Average = C- Alberta = C+ British Columbia = C Manitoba = B- Signup and view all the answers

Match the following actions with the corresponding reason why they are NOT always done appropriately to prevent floods:

Flood risk maps = Based on population, not elevation Flood protection standards = The standards exist, but are ignored Upgrades = Are made too slowly Floodplain = May be attractive to developers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structural flood prevention techniques with their descriptions:

Dams = Regulate water flow to control flooding Levees = Raise the height of river banks Floodways = Divert excess water away from populated areas Wetlands = Absorb and store floodwaters Signup and view all the answers

Match the following flood-proofing measures with their function:

Raising building foundations = Keeps structures above anticipated flood levels Constructing earth walls = Isolates buildings from flood waters Waterproof doors and windows = Prevents water from entering buildings Installing ground-level windows to allow water to pass through a building = Reduces the chance of the building being washed away Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with the descriptions:

Gauging station = Station where measurements of discharge are performed. Current meter = Device used to measure the velocity of the water. Discharge = Volume of water per unit of time, expressed as $m^3/s$ Hydrograph = Plot of discharge as a function of time. Signup and view all the answers

Match each of the following hydrograph features with their descriptions:

Rising limb = The section of the hydrograph describing increasing discharge. Falling limb = The section of the hydrograph describing decreasing discharge. Peak = The maximum discharge value. Lag time = Time difference between precipitation and peak discharge. Signup and view all the answers

Match the hydrograph type with where you might expect to find it (or not find it):

Urban = Short lag time, high peak discharge Rural = Long lag time, low peak discharge Forest = Even longer lag time, even lower peak discharge Desert = There may be no base level of ground water contribution Signup and view all the answers

Match the city and year with the maximum discharge experienced:

Calgary 2013 = 1750 $m^3$/s Calgary 2014 = 330 $m^3$/s Calgary 2015 = 719 CMS Calgary 2018 = 1840 $m^3$/s Signup and view all the answers

Match the statistical measure with the appropriate description:

Time frame = e.g. 1:100 year flood (protection standard) Chance = Expressed as chance or time frame 2013 flood = Was ~ 1:40 year flood Any flood, any time = Depends on the setup conditions Signup and view all the answers

Match the element used in calculating flood size with the description:

n = Number of observations M = Magnitude (based on discharge) T = Recurrence interval (flood size) (n+1)/M = The formula used to calculate flood size Signup and view all the answers

Match the city with the issue:

Calgary = The largest floods were in the late 1800s when accurate measurements were not possible Bowness = Only given 45 minutes warning they would be flooded Many cities = Not all equipment designed for high discharge- can be destroyed Many streams = Most streams have some monitoring on them, but few are real-time Signup and view all the answers

Match the problem of data handling with the description:

Flood magnitude = No clear rules on how to rank two years with same discharge Discard early floods = Flood magnitude questionable Equipment breaks = How do we estimate maximum discharge? Early records = Problems will arise with data handling. Signup and view all the answers

Match the city, area or river with the special consideration:

Calgary = Some Calgary areas had special flood problems connected to the infrastructure which created worse flood conditions Sunnyside = Flooded from two points Bow river or Elbow river = If you find old guidebooks, DO NOT USE THEM. Elbow River = Debris-laden floodwaters washed out the bridge on Highway 66. Signup and view all the answers

Match the goal with an action the City of Calgary has taken:

Flood Resilient = Flood Resilience Plan is a three-layered approach. Reduce Our Risk = Protection work together to reduce our risk of flooding. Physical Protection = Installing physical protection such as walls or barriers Infrastructure Upgrade = Upgrading and replacing existing infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with the definition:

Coastal floods = Flooding caused by storm surges or high tides. Temporary land floods = Flooding caused by ponding. Lake floods = Flooding caused by heavy rains increase the water level in a lake, overflowing its banks. Urban floods = Flooding caused in areas of dense population. Signup and view all the answers

Match the item with its speed:

Typical walking = 5 kph Water at 6.5 kph = Exerts pressure of 2 atm Water at 13 kph = Exerts pressure of 8 atm Door-height water = Will push cars off road Signup and view all the answers

Match the weather events with those that cause less death:

Flooding = Kills more people Lightning = Kills fewer people Hurricanes = Kills fewer people Wind storms = Kills fewer people Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its appropriate meaning:

Porous material = Water must flow overland River = People settled there for water and transport Settled Cities = Chance of river floods is very high Increased flooding = Related to cumulative rain Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its description:

Flood risk maps = Show areas that are low and likely to be flooded Flood protection standard = Infrastructure must be built to withstand flood Floodplains = Difficult to avoid because attractive Flood planning = Can be DONE WRONG or DONE RIGHT Signup and view all the answers

Match the conditions for builders with outcomes:

Cheap land near rivers = Builder's choice Check flood risk map and find no risk = They develop it People buy houses = Risk increases Flooding occurs = The house is damaged Signup and view all the answers

Match the place for planning done right with the activity.

Drumheller AB = Has new Office of Resiliency and Flood Mitigation Climate Adaptation System = 100 km of Red Deer River bank changed to protect people and property New builds = Must be 4m above grade Vancouver BC = sea walls and dikes are used to hold back flood water. Signup and view all the answers

Match the item with how it can be used to avoid disaster:

Height of flood water = Needs to be known GIS and DEM = Used to analyze land height 'Safe height' elevation = Needs to be determined Danger Zone = Is any elevation below the safe height Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms describing basins.

Unique pattern = Annual stream discharge variations in western Canada Watershed = Glaciers in western Canada Sources = Rainfall, snow melt, glacier melt and groundwater Vancouver BC = Two rivers near Vancouver BC and how different discharge is over a year Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with the amount of water.

Larger basins = Have more water for flooding Smaller basins = More tied to the basin geometry Geometry = Shape of the basin Equidistant basins = Channel water in average time Signup and view all the answers

Match the prevention item and effect:

Floodplains = Used to prevent flooding Wetlands = Maintained for prevention Winding river paths = Lessens impact Artificial levees = Minimizes impact Signup and view all the answers

Match the dam question with result:

Water stored = For agriculture and power generation Reservoirs = Must be lowered to make room for flood water If done = Only reduces flood volume by ~5% TransAlta = They want compensation for using dams and reservoirs for flood use Signup and view all the answers

Match the description:

Amount of rainfall = Known on a real-time basis Rate of change = Known on a real-time basis Type of storm = Produces the moisture Characteristics = Refer to the drainage area Signup and view all the answers

Match the place with the activity:

Drumheller AB = Building foundations above anticipated flood level Vancouver BC = Constructing earth walls Structures = Using earth walls to Isolate buildings from flood waters Inside Walls = Using waterproof doors, windows and basement walls Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with the effect:

Wetlands = Create new wetlands or floodplains Erosion = Erosion Control Water = Water quality maintenance Groundwater = Recharges (returns or replaces) groundwater Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with description during Calgary AB flood:

Precipitation = One year measured in 2.5 days Snowpack = Warm rain and significant snowpack produced larger meltwater runoff Slopes = High mountain slopes brought water to rivers quickly Volume = Normal protection measures not adequate . Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with issue during the flood:

Calculations = Government said flood was 1-in-22 year flood. data = n = 99 years of observations calculations = But when using formula it was 1-in-20 year flood conclusion = Governments often are wrong. Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with issue during the 2015 flood:

Calculations = Government said flood was 1-in-110 year flood. data = n = 105 years of observations calculations = But when using formula it was 1-in-35 year flood. conclusion = Numbers may not always be as authorities describe. Signup and view all the answers

Match the special flood consideration to term:

Altered paths = So much debris carried from mountains Special infrastructure = Some Calgary areas had special flood problems Storm Sewers = Sunnyside area flooded from two points: From Bow River and From Crescent Heights down storm sewers Guidebooks = If you find old guidebooks, DO NOT USE THEM. Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its definition in the context of flooding:

Discharge = Volume of water passing a point in a river channel River Banks = Raised edges that contain the water flow in a river Floodplain = Low-lying area adjacent to a river, prone to flooding Levee = An embankment designed to prevent the overflow of a river Signup and view all the answers

Match the flood mechanism with its description:

Snowmelt Runoff = Water released from melting snow, contributing to increased river flow Storm Rainfall = Intense precipitation leading to rapid increases in river levels Rain on Snow = Rain falling on existing snowpack, accelerating melting and runoff Ice Jams = Accumulation of ice obstructing river flow, causing water to back up Signup and view all the answers

Match the city with a reason it is prone to flooding:

Calgary = Located near rivers, increasing flood risk Edmonton = Proximity to the North Saskatchewan River Winnipeg = Confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers Toronto = Located on the shore of Lake Ontario with several rivers Signup and view all the answers

Match the flood-proofing measure with its description:

Elevated Foundations = Raising structures above potential flood levels Levees = Building embankments to contain floodwaters Water-Resistant Materials = Using materials that are less susceptible to water damage Drains and Pumps = Systems to remove accumulated water from flooded areas Signup and view all the answers

Match the flood mitigation approach with its location or implementation level:

Upstream Protection = Measures taken in the upper reaches of a river basin to control water flow Community-Level Mitigation = Strategies implemented at the local level to reduce flood risk and enhance community resilience Property-Level Protection = Actions taken by individual property owners to protect their homes or businesses from flooding Regional Diversions = Channels or structures designed to redirect floodwaters away from populated areas Signup and view all the answers

Match the consequence with the description:

Wetland Creation = Formation of new wetland areas due to floodwaters Soil Fertility Improvement = Enrichment of soil due to sediment deposition during floods Water Quality Maintenance = Improvement of water quality through natural filtration processes during flooding Groundwater Recharge = Replenishment of groundwater reserves through floodwater infiltration Signup and view all the answers

Match the preparedness sector with the impact of a flood:

Health Facilities = Potential for being overwhelmed with casualties and injuries during a flood Infrastructure = Risk of damage to roads and bridges, disrupting transportation and emergency services Insurance Policies = Complexity in covering flood-related damages and losses Emergency Services = Need for coordinated responses to rescue and evacuate individuals Signup and view all the answers

Match the definition with the concept related to flood risk:

Recurrence Interval = The estimated average time interval between occurrences of a flood event of a given magnitude Flood Magnitude = Measure of the size or intensity of a flood event Flood Risk Mapping = Process of delineating areas prone to flooding based on elevation and hydrological data Flood Diversion = The act of redirecting flood waters to another location Signup and view all the answers

Match the variable with its corresponding role in the recurrence interval calculation T = (n+1)/m:

T = Recurrence interval (in years) n = Number of observations in the dataset m = Rank of the flood discharge in the dataset 1/T = Probability of the event occurring in any one year Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept with its definition regarding water flow and flood dynamics:

Laminar Flow = Smooth, streamlined flow where water particles move in parallel layers Turbulent Flow = Irregular flow with chaotic changes in pressure and velocity Hydraulic Jump = Sudden transition from supercritical to subcritical flow, accompanied by energy dissipation Critical Depth = Depth of flow at which specific energy is minimum for a given discharge Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its description related to flood management strategies:

Flood Zoning = Regulation of land use in flood-prone areas to minimize property damage and risk Channelization = Modification of river channels to increase flow capacity and reduce flooding Dam Construction = Building dams to store floodwaters and regulate downstream flow Erosion Control = Implementation of measures to prevent soil erosion and sediment transport into waterways Signup and view all the answers

Match the action with the potential impact on flood dynamics:

Deforestation = Increased runoff and soil erosion, exacerbating flood risk Urbanization = Increased impervious surfaces, leading to higher peak flows and urban flooding Wetland Drainage = Loss of natural flood storage capacity, increasing flood severity Climate Change = Altered precipitation patterns and increased frequency of extreme weather events Signup and view all the answers

Match the city with its notable flood event:

Calgary = 2013 Alberta floods, caused by heavy rainfall and snowmelt in the Rocky Mountains Winnipeg = 1997 Red River flood, one of the costliest natural disasters in Canadian history Toronto = Hurricane Hazel in 1954, leading to significant flooding and loss of life Vancouver = Sea level rise and storm surges, increasing coastal flood risk Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with the appropriate description in flood analysis:

Hyetograph = A graph showing the distribution of rainfall intensity over time Hydrograph = A graph showing the rate of flow versus time past a specific point in a river Rating Curve = A graph representing the relationship between a river's stage (water level) and discharge Stage = The water surface elevation of a river at a particular location Signup and view all the answers

Match the flood-related agency with the appropriate role in flood management:

Environment Canada = Provides weather forecasts and hydrological data for flood monitoring Public Safety Canada = Coordinates federal emergency response efforts during flood events Provincial Emergency Management Organizations = Develops and implements flood preparedness and response plans at the provincial level Municipal Governments = Responsible for local flood control infrastructure and emergency response Signup and view all the answers

Match the mathematical model with its application in flood prediction:

HEC-RAS = Hydraulic model used for simulating water flow through river systems SWMM = Stormwater Management Model used for urban runoff and drainage simulation Mike 11 = A 1D hydrodynamic model for rivers and channels ArcGIS = Geographic Information System used for mapping and spatial analysis of flood-prone areas Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of remote sensing with its use in flood monitoring:

Radar = Detecting water surfaces through cloud cover and darkness LiDAR = Generating high-resolution topographic data for flood mapping Satellite Imagery = Monitoring flood extent and inundation patterns Aerial Photography = Capturing detailed imagery for damage assessment Signup and view all the answers

Match the statistical method with its use in flood frequency analysis:

Log-Pearson Type III = Commonly used distribution for flood frequency analysis in hydrology Gumbel Distribution = Used for extreme value analysis of flood events Weibull Distribution = Used for modeling the distribution of flood peaks Regression Analysis = Used to establish a statistical relationship between 2 or more variables Signup and view all the answers

Match the term related to urban flooding with its description:

Impervious Surfaces = Materials that do not allow water to infiltrate into the ground, like concrete and asphalt Combined Sewer Systems = Systems that collect both sewage and stormwater runoff Green Infrastructure = Use of vegetation and soil to manage stormwater and reduce runoff Stormwater Detention Ponds = Basins designed to temporaily store stormwater runoff and release it slowly Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept with the equation used to define it:

Manning's Equation = $V = \frac{1}{n} R^{2/3} S^{1/2}$ used to calculate flow velocity in open channels Rational Method = $Q = CiA$ used to calculate peak runoff rate Darcy's Law = $Q = -KA \frac{dh}{dl}$ used to describe the flow of water through a porous medium Weir Equation = $Q = CLH^{3/2}$ used to describe the flow over a weir Signup and view all the answers

Match the category of disaster resilience with its description:

Engineering Resilience = Focuses on infrastructure and physical systems' ability to withstand and recover from disasters Ecological Resilience = Focuses on the ability of ecosystems to maintain their essential functions and structures after a disturbance Social Resilience = Focuses on the ability of communities and societies to cope with and recover from disasters Economic Resilience = Focuses on the ability of economic systems to withstand and recover from disasters Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept with its role in sustainable flood management:

Natural Flood Management = Employing natural processes and features to reduce flood risk Source Control = Managing runoff at its source to reduce the volume and rate of stormwater Integrated Water Resources Management = Coordinating the management of water resources across different sectors and levels Adaptive Management = Adjusting management strategies based on monitoring and learning from past experiences Signup and view all the answers

Match the disaster response phase with its primary activity:

Mitigation = Reducing the risk of future disasters through long-term planning and prevention measures Preparedness = Preparing for potential disasters through training, drills, and resource stockpiling Response = Providing immediate assistance to affected populations during a disaster Recovery = Restoring essential services and rebuilding infrastructure after a disaster Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of dam with its description:

Earthfill Dam = Dam made primarily of compacted earth materials Concrete Gravity Dam = Dam relying on its weight to resist the force of water Arch Dam = Dam curved upstream to transfer water pressure to the abutments Buttress Dam = Dam consisting of a sloping deck supported by buttresses Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of floodplain with its description:

Regulatory Floodplain = The area subject to flooding that is used by communities participating in the National Flood Insurance Program Fluvial Floodplain = The area adjacent to a river or stream that is subject to flooding during high flow events Tidal Floodplain = The area along a coastal line Alluvial Fan = A fan-shaped deposit of sediment formed at the base of a mountain or hill Signup and view all the answers

Match the climate extreme with the disaster is may contribute to:

Drought = Land Subsidence (Sinking) Heat Wave = Strain on power grids and infrastructure Sea Level Rise = Coastal Inundation Heavy Rainfall = Flash Flooding Signup and view all the answers

Match the aspect of effective communication during a disaster with its role:

Clarity = Ensuring messages are easily understood without ambiguity Timeliness = Providing information promptly to enable informed decision-making Accuracy = Delivering reliable and verified information to build trust Accessibility = Reaching all segments of the population, including vulnerable groups Signup and view all the answers

Match the category of natural disaster with the typical season or seasons in which it occurs.

Floods = Spring Heat Waves = Summer Hurricanes = Fall Snow Storms = Winter Signup and view all the answers

Match the example of ecosystem-based adaptation to reduce flood risk with its description.

Protecting and restoring wetlands = Increasing water storage capacity Restoring river channels = Increasing water flow capacity Protecting/restoring forests = Help infiltration and runoff Green Infrastructure = Reducing the imperviousness from urban settings Signup and view all the answers

Match the impact each climate extreme may have on insurance.

Increased Floods = Spike in flood insurance claims Increased Heat Waves = Increased demand for home air conditioning. Increased Drought = Decrease in agricultural commodity production Increased number of Hurricanes = Increased home insurance costs Signup and view all the answers

Match the component of emergency management (prior to a disaster) with its example activity

Mitigation = Buying houses in flood zones Preparedness = Stockpiling emergency supplies Response = Finding people who were lost Recovery = Rebuilding key infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

Match the land surface feature with its impact on flood.

Porous soil = Decreases runoff by absorbing water Steep slopes = Increases runoff velocity Vegetation = Decreases erosion and traps sediment Urban areas = Increases impermeable surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Match the action to its impact on flood risk

Building on wetlands = Increases flood risk by reducing water storage Improving drainage = Decreases flood risk by channeling water Deforestation = Increases flood risk by reducing ground cover Adding Green Infrastructure = Decreases flood risk by improving infiltration Signup and view all the answers

Match the flood type with its cause.

Flash flood = Heavy rainfall over a short period River flood = Overflow of river banks Coastal flood = Storm surge or high tides Urban flood = Impermeable surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Match the flood-resilient building strategy with its method.

Elevated foundations = Lifts structures above floodwater Flood barriers = Protects building from rising water Water-resistant material = Minimizes damage from water exposure Backup power = Ensures continued function during power outages Signup and view all the answers

Match the warning system with its purpose.

Satellite monitoring = Detects extreme weather events over vast regions River gauges = Measure water depth Weather radar = Tracks precipitation levels in real time Emergency alerts = Disseminates warnings in endangered areas Signup and view all the answers

Match the aspect of community involvement with its benefits in building resilience.

Local knowledge = Identify vulnerable areas needing special treatment Volunteering efforts = Boost resource allocation and coordination Education programs = Increase awareness of flood risks Collaborative planning = Guarantees that plans align with the community's needs Signup and view all the answers

Match the key function of flood insurance with its role.

Financial Compensation = Helps homeowners recover financially by paying for damage Community Resilience = Encourages and protects investment in flood-prone areas Risk Awareness = Increases public awareness Reduced government burden = Less burden to the government Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristic with the different types of floods.

Flash floods = Occur with little to no warning River floods = Occur when excessive rainfall causes a river to exceed its capacity and overflow Coastal floods = Caused by storm surges during hurricanes or severe storms, leading to inundation of low-lying areas Urban floods = Caused by impermeable roads unable to drain fast enough during events Signup and view all the answers

Match the element of flood-risk communication with the type of information provided.

Flood warning = Inform community members of an imminent or ongoing event Risk maps = Indicate which areas are high-risk Educational campaigns = Guide homeowners to minimize impact Community meetings = Engage local communities about mitigation and preparedness Signup and view all the answers

Match the impact of climate change with its specific change in flooding

Sea Level Rise = Increased coastal flooding Increased Precipitation = Increased river flood severity Melting Glaciers = Increases lake floods Extreme Weather Events = Increases flash flood risk Signup and view all the answers

Globally, how has the average flood damage per decade changed since World War II?

Increased tenfold (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the formal definition of a flood?

A high discharge causing water to exceed river banks and overflow onto the floodplain. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which flood type is least likely to be recognized by the 'formal definition' of a flood?

Temporary land floods. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical walking speed at which water starts to exert considerable pressure?

6.5 kph. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What makes flash floods particularly dangerous?

A large percentage of fatalities occur in cars. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a weather-related cause of river flooding?

Snowmelt runoff (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is dealing with floods considered very challenging?

Each flood affects a different area and impacts vary with local conditions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the rank of floods in Canada in terms of causing property damage among natural disasters?

First (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason early settlements developed near water sources, contributing to modern cities' flood risk?

Early transportation relied heavily on rivers and oceans. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the University of Waterloo study, what was Canada's average rating for flood preparedness?

C- (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the University of Waterloo study, what letter grade did Alberta receive for flood preparedness?

C+ (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sectors is generally least prepared for flooding?

Insurance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In Calgary, which hazard was listed as the top risk by the Calgary Emergency Management Agency?

Flooding (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to follow the 'flood protection standard'?

Building infrastructure to withstand a very large flood (1-in-100 year) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of flood risk maps?

They can become outdated as soon as they are created. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical flaw in how flood risk maps are sometimes constructed, leading to a 'recipe for disaster'?

Focusing primarily on property and population density rather than elevation and water levels. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In Drumheller, Alberta, what is a proactive measure implemented to mitigate flood risk for new constructions?

Requiring new builds to be at least 4 meters above grade. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What strategy does Vancouver, BC, employ to combat floods from both the ocean and rivers?

A system of dikes and sea walls. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, what should you NEVER do with old guidebooks?

Use them for Bow and Elbow rivers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle for ensuring the validity of flood risk maps over time?

Regular updates to account for changes in land elevation and water height. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A builder checks a standardly-made flood risk map. It shows no risk for the area, so they develop it. People buy the houses and they are flooded. Who is to blame?

It depends on the reason the map showed no risk (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of drainage basin size in relation to flooding?

Larger basins have more water for flooding. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of drainage basin shape, what is the impact of a long path to the river channel?

Water reaches the channel slowly. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of using dams and reservoirs for flood prevention?

TransAlta can't supply water or energy if they are used for flood control (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, what is a critical component of predicting floods?

Characteristics of a river's drainage basin. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of flood-proofing?

Moving away from flood-prone areas. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key benefit of flood waters spreading organic matter over land?

Fertilizing the land (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate water pressure exerted by water moving at 13 kph?

8 atm (A) Signup and view all the answers

Besides rivers overflowing their banks, where else in Canada do floods frequently occur?

Along shores of lakes and oceans (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factor CANNOT cause a river flood?

A sudden drop in air pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which city implemented a Flood Mitigation and Climate Adaptation System?

Drumheller (C) Signup and view all the answers

Besides just storing water, what are two benefits that creating floodplains can offer?

Flood storage and erosion control (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the 0.6 rule?

Estimates river velocity at .63 times the flow depth (B) Signup and view all the answers

To measure discharge, you divide a cross section into sections a measure water velocity. Roughly how many sections are used?

5-10 (D) Signup and view all the answers

In 2023 a city releases its Flood Resilience Plan with a three-layered approach. Which city is it?

Calgary (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can flood risk maps show?

Areas that are low and likely to be flooded (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of continuous small amounts of rain?

Over time, it is cuumulative (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the definition given for a flood, what has to happen for a flood to be occurring?

High discharge causing water to exceed river banks and overflow onto the floodplain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which Canadian city experienced a flash flood in 2013 due to Hurricane Hazel?

Toronto (B) Signup and view all the answers

What parameter is 'plotted' against what in a hydrograph?

Discharge is plotted against time (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical symptom/issue a community faces after a flood that complicates recovery and management?

Repairs must be prioritized (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why were some areas of Calgary especially prone to the negative effects of flooding?

The area had special flood problems connected to the infrastructure which created worse flood conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Formal definition of a flood

High discharge causes water to exceed river banks and overflow onto the floodplain.

What is discharge?

Volume of water passing a point at a given time.