28 Questions
Which of the following is a key factor in attachment according to Harlow's experiments with monkeys?
Security
At what age does separation anxiety typically peak according to the text?
Second year of life
How many styles of attachment have been identified through the Strange Situation procedure?
Four
What term is used to describe the mental representations of attachment relationships that infants develop?
Internal working models
What is the term used to describe the processes through which individuals come to learn the rules, beliefs, values, skills, attitudes, and behavior patterns of their society?
Socialization
According to Freud's theory of psychodynamics, what determines behavior?
Wishes, fears, and intentions
What are the basic human motives according to Freud's drive model?
Sex and aggression
Which stage in Freud's developmental model involves the resolution of the Oedipus complex?
Phallic stage
According to Freud's structural model, what is the role of the superego?
Conscience
Which defence mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?
Projection
What do cognitive-social theories emphasize as important factors in personality?
Encoding, personal value, expectancies, competencies, and self-regulation
Which of the following best describes the role of parental warmth and sensitivity in social development?
Parental warmth and sensitivity are associated with self-esteem, independence, and emotional stability.
At what age does gender socialization typically begin?
Gender socialization begins in early childhood.
What is perspective-taking?
Perspective-taking is the ability to understand other people's viewpoints.
What are gender schemas?
Gender schemas are mental representations that associate psychological characteristics with one sex or the other.
According to Kohlberg's stage theory, at which level of moral reasoning do individuals define right and wrong according to learned cultural standards?
Conventional level
Which theory of moral development suggests that guilt motivates people to obey their conscience?
Psychodynamic theory
Which of the following is NOT one of Eysenck's major factors of personality?
Openness to experience
Which model of personality includes the factors of Honesty–Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience?
HEXACO model
What is the heritability range of personality traits?
15 to 50 percent
According to Mischel's arguments, what activates personality processes?
Particular situations
What is the purpose of Rogers' person-centred approach?
To understand individuals' phenomenal experience
Which approach to intelligence is theory-driven and draws on research in cognitive science?
Information-processing approach
According to Spearman's two-factor theory, what is the g-factor?
General intelligence
Which theory of intelligence distinguishes eight relatively independent and neurologically distinct types of intelligence?
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to read people's emotions and use one's own emotional responses adaptively
What does the heritability of IQ studies suggest?
IQ is shaped by the interaction of heredity and environment
What is the primary tool of the psychometric approach to intelligence?
Factor analysis
Quiz: Understanding Personality and Ageing Test your knowledge on the relationship between personality and ageing. Discover how personality traits can impact life satisfaction in later life and explore the enduring patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that define an individual's personality. Explore the connection between fulfilled lives, physical and cognitive health, and active engagement with productive activities and other people.
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