Intro to immunology medium

What is the main function of phagocytes?

Which type of immune response involves a lag time before becoming effective?

Where do T cells and antigen-presenting cells derive from?

Which cells are specifically involved in the production of antibodies?

What distinguishes adaptive immunity from innate immunity?

What role do dendritic cells play in the immune response?

What distinguishes a neutrophil from a macrophage?

Which of the following statements about cytokines is true?

What is the primary function of the innate immune system?

What is the primary role of mast cells in the immune system?

Which cells are considered lymphocytes in the immune system?

Which of the following is NOT a defensive barrier of the innate immune system?

Which cells are primarily involved in the non-specific immune response?

What characterizes the adaptive immune system?

Which of these components is most closely associated with the detection of pathogens in the innate immune system?

What is the primary goal of studying immunology in the context of biomedical sciences?

Which option describes one of the main features of innate immunity?

Which cell type is associated with the adaptive immune response?

How does innate immunity differ from adaptive immunity?

Which of the following is an example of a physiological barrier in the innate immune system?

The immune system defends the body from foreign substances including pathogens.
The immune system consists of cells, chemicals, and processes that protect the body.
There are two main types of immunity: innate and adaptive immunity.

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
It is non-specific and acts rapidly.
Innate immunity does not have immunological memory.
It relies on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogens.
Innate immunity includes four defensive barriers:
- Physiologic barriers (temperature, pH, chemical mediators)
- Anatomic barriers (skin, mucous membranes)
- Endocytic/phagocytic barriers
- Inflammatory barriers
Innate immunity rapidly recruits immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation

The adaptive immune system is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific.
Adaptive immunity develops with the help of the innate immune system and has memory.
Adaptive immunity enables the body to mount a more rapid and efficient immune response.
Requires a lag time for development and action.
Recognizes specific non-self antigens and distinguishes them from self antigens.
Cells involved:
- Antigen-specific T cells
- B cells which differentiate into plasma cells to produce antibodies
T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) derive from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
T cells express unique antigen-binding receptors on their membrane, called T cell receptors.
T cells require the action of APCs to recognize specific antigens.
Defects in either the innate or adaptive immune system can cause illness or disease.

Phagocytes:
- Neutrophils: short-lived cells that phagocytose microbes.
- Macrophages: long-lived cells that phagocytose microbes.
Eosinophils
Dendritic cells
Mast cells
Basophils
T cells: lymphocytes
Epithelial cells
Cytokines: proteins and glycoproteins