The History of Tour Guiding

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Questions and Answers

What term was used in Greek for guides who assisted travelers?

  • Proxemos
  • Cicerone
  • Tourist
  • Periegetai (correct)

During the Middle Ages, what was NOT a role of the guides?

  • Security escorts
  • Bridges
  • Pathfinders
  • Historians (correct)

What significant event led to a decline in travel during the Middle Ages?

  • The establishment of trade routes
  • The Renaissance
  • The Crusades
  • Rome's fall (correct)

Which of the following was a characteristic expected from a Grand Tourist during the Renaissance?

<p>Broadened mind and self-reliance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a Cicerone be well-versed in?

<p>Many subjects including current events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical figure is known as 'the first travel writer'?

<p>Herodotus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which period did the Grand Tour primarily take place?

<p>The Renaissance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key function of guides during the ancient empire?

<p>Helping fellow people abroad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of a vetturino in the context of travel during Knox's time?

<p>A driver ensuring safe travel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following authors is NOT mentioned as a traveler to the New World?

<p>Mark Twain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did the London Country Council take regarding tour guides in the late 1930s?

<p>Opened a training course for guides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was Thomas Cook born?

<p>1808 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of tour guiding continues to face challenges despite efforts to improve it?

<p>Regulation and training standards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is true about guided tours in Europe before the 12th Century?

<p>There was no evidence of organized training. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Thomas Cook best known in the travel industry?

<p>As the founder of a travel agency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country was one of the first to regulate and train tour guides?

<p>England (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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What was one of the primary responsibilities expected of the ideal tutor according to Vicesimus Knox?

<p>To oversee the morals and religion of his pupils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the 18th and 19th centuries, who were considered the primary travelers to the New World?

<p>Ordinary travelers and indigent explorers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the need for a training course for tour guides in the late 1930s?

<p>The competitive and aggressive approach of guides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did Thomas Cook make to the travel industry?

<p>He founded the modern travel agency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the training of tour guides before the 12th Century?

<p>There was no organized training except for Thomas Cook's agency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which European authors are noted for their comprehensive travel accounts to the New World?

<p>Charles Dickens, Francis Trollope, and Alexis de Tocqueville (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that undermines the perception of guiding as a respected profession?

<p>Insufficient understanding of the profession's value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was England significant in the history of tour guiding?

<p>It was one of the first countries to regulate and train guides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'vetturino' refer to in the context of travel during Knox's time?

<p>A driver of four-wheeled carriages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the roles of a tour guide in Europe before the establishment of formal training?

<p>To assist travelers with safety and navigation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary role of guides during the Middle Ages?

<p>Acting as pathfinders and security escorts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Grand Tour?

<p>A cultural journey undertaken by upper-class youth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period is the role of the Cicerone most emphasized?

<p>Renaissance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the impact of Rome's fall on travel during the Middle Ages?

<p>It caused a decline in trade and travel desire. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Herodotus's perspective on guides?

<p>He criticized their reliance on rehearsed information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What expectation was placed on a Grand Tourist returning from their travels?

<p>They should possess a broadened mind and good command of languages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers specifically to the guides during the ancient empire?

<p>Periegetai (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who historically referred to guides as 'path finders' and 'protectors'?

<p>Casson the historian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change in the role of guides during the Renaissance compared to previous periods?

<p>Guides were expected to be articulate and well-rounded in knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors contributed to the decline of travel during the Middle Ages?

<p>Political instability and economic downturn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tour Guiding

The practice of leading and informing travelers about places, history, and culture.

Periegetai

Guides in ancient Greece who aided fellow travelers.

Exegetai

Ancient Greek guides who provided explanations.

The Dark Ages

A period of decline for travel and guiding due to the fall of the Roman Empire, characterized by the need for safety and security.

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The Grand Tour

The Grand Tour, a traditional route for wealthy young men from England, spanning several European countries, was popular during the Renaissance.

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Grand Tourist

A wealthy traveler on the Grand Tour, expected to return with a broadened mind, language skills, and refined manner.

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Cicerone

A tour guide during the Renaissance, expected to be eloquent, knowledgeable in many subjects, and able to translate languages.

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Tour Guiding

The practice of leading and informing travelers about places, history, and culture.

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Veturrino

A driver of a four-wheeled carriage called a "vettura", they provided safe passage for travelers, particularly during times of highway robbery.

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Thomas Cook & Son

A British travel agency established by Thomas Cook in the 19th century, known for its organized tours.

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Charles Dickens

A 19th-century British writer known for his literary works and observations on society. He traveled extensively throughout the New World and provided insightful accounts of his experiences.

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Tour Guiding as a Respected Profession

An academic concept that refers to the process of standardizing the training and qualifications of tour guides to elevate the profession. It involves establishing guidelines, certifications, and training programs to ensure quality and professionalism within the industry.

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The Modern Age (18th-19th century)

A significant historical period that witnessed a rise in travel within the New World, primarily for exploration, seeking new opportunities, and understanding different cultures.

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Vicesimus Knox's Ideal Tutor Role

The emphasis placed on the moral and religious development of students entrusted to the care of a tutor during the 19th century. This ideology reflected the importance of nurturing ethical values and religious beliefs in young individuals.

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Early Travelers in the New World

Travel during the 18th and 19th centuries, primarily driven by exploration and seeking new opportunities. These travelers were not necessarily seeking leisure or pleasure, but rather new experiences and potential benefits.

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Pathfinders and Protectors

Guides in the Middle Ages, known for ensuring safe passage and acting as protectors, as well as understanding the dangers.

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Vettura

A four-wheeled carriage prevalent during the 18th and 19th centuries, driven by a “Veturrino”, providing safe transport during a period of highway robberies.

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Vicesimus Knox's Ideal Tutor

The ideal tutor, according to Vicesimus Knox, was a respectable, older man responsible for not only education but also the moral and religious development of his students, reflecting the 19th-century emphasis on these values.

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Grand Tour

The European Grand Tour, a traditional route for wealthy young men from England, spanning several European countries during the Renaissance, aimed at broadening minds, refining manners, and acquiring language skills.

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Study Notes

Systems Plus College Foundation

  • Institution: Systems Plus College Foundation, College of Hospitality and Tourism Management
  • Location: MacArthur Highway, 2024 Balibago, Angeles City, Philippines 2009
  • Contact Information: Telephone: (045) 322-7723 Loc. 221 | 0919-0692892, Fax: (045) 892-7489

Tour Guiding (Tourge)

  • Focus on the history of tour guiding, encompassing various eras and cultural contexts.

The History of Tour Guiding

Ancient Empires

  • Tour guiding developed from 3000 BC to 500 AD.
  • Guides were known as "periegetai" or "exegetai" in Greek.
  • "Proxemos" assisted fellow travelers.
  • Herodotus, considered an early travel writer, documented guides.
  • Some guides were criticized for being inclined to lengthy and potentially inaccurate narrations.

Middle Ages

  • The period between Rome's fall and the Renaissance (500 AD to 1508 AD) is known as the Dark Ages.
  • Trade declined significantly, and travel waned in overall popularity.
  • Guides were essential for safety and security.
  • Guides served as pathfinders, protectors, and escorts during this period, earning substantial fees.
  • Guides were vital for the safe conduct of travelers.

The Renaissance and Grand Tour

  • Tour guiding significantly evolved during the Renaissance.
  • The Grand Tour, a prescribed route from England through France, Germany, Switzerland to Italy, gained importance.
  • It was a prevalent travel trend for young upper-class men from Britain.

The Modern Age

  • During the 18th and 19th centuries, travelers were often explorers or adventurers rather than pleasure-seekers.
  • Important figures such as Charles Dickens, Francis Trollope, and Alexis de Tocqueville documented their travels widely.
  • Guides were less emphasized in travel accounts of that era.

Tour Guides in Europe

  • Organized guide training emerged in the 12th century.
  • England regulated and trained guides early.
  • Competitive guide practices led to formal training programs in London by the mid-20th century.
  • Guides were considered highly skilled professionals, recognized for their expertise and competence.

Tour Guiding as a Respected Profession

  • Tour guiding is considered a valuable profession.
  • Thomas Cook established an influential travel agency, contributing to the modern tourism industry.
  • The travel agency was renamed Thomas Cook AG before eventually becoming Thomas Cook Group in 2007.

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