The Hierarchist Model Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What do neo-liberal thinkers like Friedrich Hayek argue about group organizations?

  • They promote individual freedom of choice.
  • They lead to the enslavement of individuals. (correct)
  • They are essential for societal organization.
  • They enhance collective decision-making.

    • What is a key feature of the individualist model regarding the state?

  • It advocates for an all-powerful state.
  • It denies the need for any state at all.
  • It suggests a minimal state government. (correct)
  • It promotes bureaucratic hierarchy.

    • In public choice theory, which agents are conceptualized as self-interested?

  • Bureaucrats and voters. (correct)
  • Politicians and voters.
  • Bureaucrats and market leaders.
  • All of the above.

    • Which economic concept was employed by the economic theory of bureaucracy?

    <p>Utility maximization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the GRID dimension signify in the context of state organization?

    <p>The extent to which public administration is governed by specific rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individualists believe is a better alternative to bureaucratic control?

    <p>Market-based tools and economic incentives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the GRID and GROUP dimensions categorize societal organization?

    <p>By the level of individual freedom and group control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What downside is associated with performance management in bureaucracies?

    <p>It requires control mechanisms to measure achievements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following schools of thought focuses on transaction costs?

    <p>Market vs. hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a high-GRID society?

    <p>Choices are largely restricted by established rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the general theory of government based on public choice?

    <p>James Buchanan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Christopher Hood's models in The Art of the State?

    <p>The interaction between politics and public administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mary Douglas's contributions primarily relate to which field?

    <p>Cultural Theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario exemplifies low-group pressure in a religious context?

    <p>Members participating only once a year during a specific holiday.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the four models of human organizations developed by Hood represent?

    <p>Different approaches to social control based on GRID and GROUP theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of society would individuals have the least freedom when it comes to their personal choices?

    <p>A high-GRID, high-GROUP society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary belief of individualist thinkers regarding bureaucrats?

    <p>Bureaucrats are often viewed as self-interested and greedy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the individualist model describe the consumer's role in public services?

    <p>Consumers dictate the direction of service providers through their choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant goal of the New Public Management program introduced in the 1980s?

    <p>To promote competition and efficiency in public sector services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individualist thinkers believe about the size and organization of the state?

    <p>The state should minimize its size and focus on specific citizen needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as necessary for the effective use of competition and incentives in public administration?

    <p>Some form of measuring performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are bureaucrats commonly characterized within the individualist critique?

    <p>As self-serving individuals at the expense of taxpayers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of individualism, what motivates individuals in public services?

    <p>Self-interest that aligns with the greater good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental assumption does the individualist model make about individuals in society?

    <p>Individuals are primarily motivated by their own self-interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the individualist approach to competition?

    <p>Well-informed rational users calculating costs and benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the egalitarian model view the concept of community?

    <p>As a positive, solidarity-based entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an individualist bureaucrat?

    <p>A self-interested utility maximizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high score on the GROUP dimension signify in the egalitarian model?

    <p>The group is considered central</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the egalitarian model exercise social control?

    <p>Via peer pressure rather than formal hierarchies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is preferred in the individualist approach to foster coordination?

    <p>Incentives and competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about bureaucrats in the hierarchist tradition?

    <p>They are typically seen as self-interested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements about the individualist and hierarchist models is true?

    <p>The individualist model allows for more choice for citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea of Bentham's reward system for public administrators?

    <p>Payment should be related to actual results and performance management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to individualists, why do traditional rules often fail in bureaucratic settings?

    <p>Bureaucrats find ways around rules due to rational self-interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'duty and self-interest junction' refer to in the context of Bentham's ideas?

    <p>A balance between public duty and personal monetary gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Bentham's suggestions for ensuring bureaucrats show up for work?

    <p>Paying salaries on a daily basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should rewards be structured according to Bentham's principles?

    <p>Rewards should be directly paid by service users to bureaucrats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Adam Smith contribute to the concept of incentives in public administration?

    <p>He discussed the importance of rewards and incentives for efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended approach for the state concerning payment for public services?

    <p>Pay the minimum amount for performance to keep costs low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Bentham's stance on higher salaries for certain bureaucratic positions?

    <p>Higher salaries should be implemented for positions vulnerable to corruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key characteristic of the governance system in Ancient Athens?

    <p>Every citizen had equal rights to vote and speak in the assembly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable feature of the leadership positions in the Paris Commune of 1871?

    <p>Public officials were elected for limited time with equal pay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does co-production in public administration differ from traditional public service delivery?

    <p>It emphasizes voluntary contribution and citizen engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is associated with ensuring minimal hierarchies within governance?

    <p>Peer accountability and elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common characteristic of public administration during the socialist tradition?

    <p>Community responsibility for policy implementation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the governance approach in Ancient Athens from contemporary practices?

    <p>All citizens participated directly in decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is central to the concept of co-production in public services?

    <p>Collaboration exists between professional administration and communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical context is characterized by direct citizen involvement in governance?

    <p>Ancient Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Hierarchist Model

    • State design and cultural theory are analyzed by disaggregating the state into political systems and administrative systems.
    • The political system comprises elected representatives.
    • The administrative system is examined in relation to society and political systems.
    • Christopher Hood's model suggests four ideal types for organizing relations between citizens, politicians, and the public administration.
    • These models, GRID and GROUP, are derived from cultural theory.

    Key Dimensions

    • GRID (Grid): The degree of regulation each individual and behavior are subjected to.
      • Low-GRID societies allow more individual choices.
      • High-GRID societies limit choices with rules.
    • GROUP (Group): The degree to which individual choices are constrained by group choices; showing group cohesiveness.
      • Low group pressure allows for less group influence in decision making.
      • High group pressure demands a high commitment from individuals.
      • Examples of high group pressure include religious groups with life-long commitments.

    Models

    • Fatalist
    • Hierarchist
    • Individualist
    • Egalitarian

    The Hierarchist Model

    • High GRID and high GROUP.
    • Group centrality is prioritized; group interests are given priority over individual interests.
    • Strong sense of belonging to a group.
    • Group cohesiveness is ensured through coordination tools.
    • The state is considered as a family, with the state as a father figure and the society as a family.
    • Rules and procedures shape the organization
    • Clearly defined roles and procedures ensure predictability
    • The state's actions follow hierarchy with clear authority structures.

    Key Thinkers

    • Max Weber developed the theory of bureaucracy, emphasizing specialization, hierarchy, professionalism, and rules-based organization in the early 20th century.
    • Frederic Taylor (Taylorism) proposed scientific management that focused on analyzing workflow, efficiency, and finding an effective organizational structure for greater productivity.
    • Woodrow Wilson introduced the politics-administration dichotomy, arguing that political decision-making and administrative implementation should be separated.

    The Individualist Model

    • Opposes the hierarchist model.
    • Focuses on the individual and their interests.
    • Low GRID (low regulation); low GROUP (low group influence).
    • Individuals are free to pursue their self-interest, and the state should be as small as possible to minimize constraint.
    • Private firms are a good example in organizational design

    The Egalitarian Model

    • High on the GROUP dimension and low on the GRID dimension.
    • Group decisions prioritize community interests.
    • Emphasis on community, solidarity, and cooperation.
    • Individuals contribute to group goals and interact reciprocally.
    • Participation and Consensus-building; rules and roles emerge from group agreement.
    • Examples include Ancient Athens and Paris Commune.

    The Fatalist Model

    • Low GROUP and high GRID.
    • Questions possibility of success or prediction; rejects effectiveness of intervention.
    • Complex factors constrain human action and state efforts, making control and prediction impossible.
    • Organisations are unlikely to effectively serve or control their environment; their action is often ineffective.

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    Related Documents

    Part II - Theoretical Approaches C PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of the Hierarchist Model, exploring the concepts of political and administrative systems as per Christopher Hood's framework. Dive into the dimensions of GRID and GROUP and assess how these factors influence individual choices and societal structures.

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