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Questions and Answers
What does 'Inquilab' mean?
What does 'Inquilab' mean?
Revolution or uprising
When did India gain freedom from British rule?
When did India gain freedom from British rule?
1947
The Revolt of 1857 is also known as the First War of Independence.
The Revolt of 1857 is also known as the First War of Independence.
True
What were some of the causes of the Revolt of 1857?
What were some of the causes of the Revolt of 1857?
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What problem did peasants face in relation to revenue payment?
What problem did peasants face in relation to revenue payment?
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Why did peasants take money from moneylenders to pay taxes?
Why did peasants take money from moneylenders to pay taxes?
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Textile and other craft items in India were still made by hand during the Industrial Revolution in England.
Textile and other craft items in India were still made by hand during the Industrial Revolution in England.
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What policy, introduced in 1848, allowed the British to annex Indian territories if a ruler dies without leaving a male heir?
What policy, introduced in 1848, allowed the British to annex Indian territories if a ruler dies without leaving a male heir?
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Match the following Indian rulers with the impact of British Annexation on them:
Match the following Indian rulers with the impact of British Annexation on them:
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Who was the first soldier to protest against the new cartridges?
Who was the first soldier to protest against the new cartridges?
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Why did the Sepoys refuse to use the new cartridges?
Why did the Sepoys refuse to use the new cartridges?
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The Revolt of 1857 started with the hanging of Mangal Pandey for attacking his officers.
The Revolt of 1857 started with the hanging of Mangal Pandey for attacking his officers.
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What was the immediate reason for the Revolt of 1857? The use of new greased ____________.
What was the immediate reason for the Revolt of 1857? The use of new greased ____________.
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Match the following cities with their importance in the Revolt of 1857:
Match the following cities with their importance in the Revolt of 1857:
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According to the content, what was the topic taken by the History club students for their project?
According to the content, what was the topic taken by the History club students for their project?
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Who explained the reasons for the revolt that took place in 1857?
Who explained the reasons for the revolt that took place in 1857?
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The Graphic Novel 'When People Rebel 1857 and After' was created by the Information Technology Teachers only.
The Graphic Novel 'When People Rebel 1857 and After' was created by the Information Technology Teachers only.
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Nana Saheb declared himself as Governor under Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to ___ the British from India.
Nana Saheb declared himself as Governor under Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to ___ the British from India.
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What did Begam Hazrat Mahal do during the uprising against the British?
What did Begam Hazrat Mahal do during the uprising against the British?
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Why did the British recruit more Sepoys from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Pathans?
Why did the British recruit more Sepoys from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Pathans?
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The British respected the religious and social practices of the people in India after the Revolt of 1857.
The British respected the religious and social practices of the people in India after the Revolt of 1857.
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Match the following statements with the correct keyword:
1. She fought for Jhansi
2. Hanged to death on 29th March 1857 in Barrackpore
3. Last Mughal Ruler
4. Fought from Lucknow against the Britishers
5. Expel the Garrison from the city
Match the following statements with the correct keyword:
1. She fought for Jhansi
2. Hanged to death on 29th March 1857 in Barrackpore
3. Last Mughal Ruler
4. Fought from Lucknow against the Britishers
5. Expel the Garrison from the city
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Study Notes
The Revolt of 1857
- The Revolt of 1857 is also known as the First War of Indian Independence.
- It holds an important position in Indian history and tells us about the sacrifices of Indian freedom fighters.
Causes of the Revolt
- Economic reasons:
- Heavy taxes and rigid methods of revenue collection.
- Competition between handmade and machine-made goods (due to the Industrial Revolution in England).
- Removal of Indian artisans and craftsmen due to unfair competition.
- Political reasons:
- Annexation of Indian provinces by the British.
- Removal of Indian Rulers and loss of their powers.
- Doctrine of Lapse (1848) - an annexation policy where Indian kingdoms would pass over to the British if a ruler died without a male heir.
- Cultural and social reasons:
- Banning of 'Sati Pratha' and widow remarriage.
- Introduction of Western education and conversion to Christianity.
- Military reasons:
- Less wages to Indian sepoys.
- Unfair treatment and no promotion for Indian sepoys.
- Conditions of service and introduction of new Enfield rifles and cartridges.
Effect of the Revolt
- Peasants were forced to take money from moneylenders to pay taxes.
- Indian textiles and craft items were ruined due to unfair competition with machine-made goods.
- Indian Rulers, Artisans, Musicians, Craftsmen, and Priests lost their source of livelihood.
- The British Empire expanded its territory and power in India.
Key Figures
- Rani Laxmi Bai - Queen of Jhansi who fought bravely against the British.
- Nana Saheb - Adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao-II who wanted pension after his father's death.
- Mangal Pandey - A key figure in the Revolt of 1857.
- Birjis Qadr - Son of Wajid Ali Shah, Nawab of Awadh.
- Bahadur Shah Zafar - The last Mughal Ruler.### The British Rule and Indian Rebellion
- Britishers annexed territories, including Awadh, on the basis of misgovernance
- They ended the Mughal dynasty by removing the Mughal king's name from coins
- Britishers banned Sati Custom, which allowed widows to remarry, and introduced English education
Reasons for the Revolt of 1857
- Fear among Indians that the British were destroying their religion
- The British passed a law allowing Christian converts to inherit ancestral property
- Indians felt their religion was under threat due to the British policies
Sepoys' Anger against the British
- Sepoys were unhappy with the British due to:
- Low wages
- Unfair treatment by British Officers
- Banned from wearing caste and religious marks
- Threat of traveling overseas, which could result in being outcaste
- Sepoys refused to travel to Burma to fight in the Anglo-Burmese War
- Refusal to follow British orders led to severe punishment
The Cartridge Incident
- New Enfield-Rifle was introduced, requiring soldiers to bite off greased cartridges made from cow and pig fat
- Sepoys refused to use the new cartridges, leading to the Revolt of 1857
The Revolt of 1857
- Mangal Pandey, a Sepoy, protested against the new cartridges and was hanged to death
- 85 soldiers of the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry refused to do army drill using the new cartridges
- Sepoys marched to Meerut, released imprisoned Sepoys, and killed British officers
- The rebellion spread across India, with various leaders and kingdoms joining the fight against the British
Key Figures in the Revolt
- Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal ruler, was convinced to lead the rebellion
- Nana Saheb, adopted son of the Late Peshwa Baji Rao, declared himself as Governor under Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar
- Begam Hazrat Mahal, wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, took an active part in organizing the uprising
- Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi fought against the British along with Tantia Tope
- Other leaders included Ahmadullah Shah, Bakht Khan, and Kunwar Singh### The Revolt of 1857
- The Revolt of 1857 was a significant event in Indian history that took place against the British rule.
- The revolt was led by Rani Laxmi Bai, who fought for Jhansi, and Tantia Tope, who fought against the British.
- The British had regained control of the country by the end of 1858.
- The revolt was sparked by the introduction of the Enfield rifle, which used greased cartridges that offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
Aftermath of the Revolt
- The British Parliament passed an Act in 1858, transferring the powers of the East India Company to the British Crown.
- A member of the British Cabinet was appointed as the Secretary of State for India, responsible for all matters related to the governance of India.
- The Indian Council was established to advise the Secretary of State.
- The Viceroy was the personal representative of the Crown, and the British Government accepted direct responsibility for ruling India.
- All ruling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in the future, but they were made to acknowledge the British Queen as their Sovereign.
- The Indians were allowed to hold their kingdoms as subordinates of the British Crown.
Changes in the British Policy
- The British decided to respect the customary religious and social practices of the people in India.
- Policies were made to protect landlords and Zamindars, giving them security of rights over their lands.
- The British recruited Sepoys from specific groups, such as Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Pathans, who had helped them suppress the revolt.
- The land and property of Muslims were confiscated on a large scale, and they were treated with suspicion and hostility.
Key Figures
- Rani Laxmi Bai: The queen of Jhansi who fought against the British.
- Tantia Tope: A leader who fought against the British using guerrilla warfare.
- Nana Saheb: The adopted son of Baji Rao II, who was involved in the revolt.
- Mangal Pandey: The first Sepoy who refused to use the greased cartridges.
- Birjis Qadr: The ruler of Lucknow who was taken from the British in March 1858.
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Test your knowledge on the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Great Uprising, which took place during the British colonial rule in India. This quiz is designed for 8th class students of Social Sciences.
