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Questions and Answers
What year did the British capture Delhi during the Revolt of 1857?
Who among the following was deported to Rangoon by the British?
Which British commander led the forces that defeated the rebels in Gwalior?
Where did Nana Saheb and Begum Hazrat Mahal escape to after their defeat?
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What was the fate of Tantia Tope after continuing warfare against the British?
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Who was declared the Emperor of Hindustan during the Revolt of 1857?
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By which year had the British succeeded in re-establishing themselves after the Revolt?
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Which region's rebellion was led by Bakht Khan during the Revolt of 1857?
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Who assisted Nana Saheb in the revolt at Kanpur?
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Which city saw Begum Mahal leading the revolt during the uprising of 1857?
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From which cities did the Revolt of 1857 spread after Meerut and Delhi?
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What did Bahadur Shah Zafar do to rally the Indian rulers against the British?
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What was one of the primary reasons for the economic decline under British rule?
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Why did many artisans and craftsmen lose their livelihood?
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Which of these laws directly promoted Christianity in India?
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What caused resentment among peasants under British rule?
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Which group was most significantly affected by the displacement of old ruling families?
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What year did the Revolt of 1857 start?
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What was a major cause of frustration among Indian sepoys?
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Which policy reduced many Indian kings to subordinates?
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What societal reforms introduced by the British faced resistance?
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Which of the following factors contributed to the decline of the traditional handicraft industry?
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Who was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II?
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Which territory was annexed by Governor General Dalhousie in 1856 on the grounds of misgovernment?
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Why were temples and mosques taxed under British rule?
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How did the British treat different castes in the army and prisons?
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Which ruler was deposed and exiled during the annexation of Awadh?
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What significant change did Governor-General Canning announce in 1856?
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What was the reaction of many ruling families to the British policies?
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What was one of the reasons for resentment among the people of Awadh in 1857?
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What was the primary reason for the outrage caused by the new rifle cartridge introduced in 1856?
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Which region's annexation by the British East India Company contributed to the Sepoy Mutiny?
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What new law introduced in 1856 angered the sepoys as it disrupted their religious practices and family life?
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Who was the soldier whose rebellion is considered the spark for the Sepoy Mutiny?
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What significant event took place in Meerut during the Sepoy Mutiny?
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Which statement best describes the immediate result of the sepoys from Meerut marching to Delhi?
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What was one of the main outcomes of the Sepoy Mutiny?
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Which movement did the Sepoy Mutiny contribute to the growth of?
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What was a significant cause of the Revolt of 1857?
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Which group's actions did NOT support the British during the Revolt?
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Who were two notable leaders of the rebels during the Revolt of 1857?
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What assurance did the British government provide post-revolt?
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Which of these was NOT a reason for the failure of the Revolt of 1857?
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What major change occurred in British administration after the Revolt of 1857?
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What was one of the names given to the Revolt of 1857?
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What was one major reason the rebels were unable to sustain their fight?
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Who led the Paiks in the rebellion against the British in March 1817?
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Which policy introduced by the British led to an increase in salt prices?
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What system did the British abolish that required taxes to be paid in silver?
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Which social group was dispossessed of their lands by the British?
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What was one of the reasons for the Khurda Uprising?
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Which group supported the Paiks’ rebellion against the British?
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Study Notes
Causes of the Revolt of 1857
- The decline of Indian rulers' power since the mid-18th century
- British policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse, reducing Indian rulers to subordinates
- Residents stationed at Indian courts, disbanding of armed forces, and taking away revenues and territories
- Discontinuation of titles and pensions, causing humiliation and resentment
- Rejection of pleas by Indian rulers, such as Nana Saheb and Rani Lakshmibai
Formal Sovereignty over Territories
- Annexation of Awadh in 1856 by Governor General Dalhousie
- Deposition and exile of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, despite loyalty to the British
- Most army recruits came from Awadh, leading to feelings of betrayal
- British plan to end Mughal kings and remove their names from minted coins
Economic Causes
- British introduction of land revenue settlements, extracting maximum revenue
- Peasants left miserable and oppressed, leading to resentment
- Zamindars and moneylenders oppressed peasantry through high revenue rates
- Peasants often displaced from their lands, leading to famines
- Decline of indigenous handicraft industry due to Industrial Revolution
- British import of cheap machine-made goods, displacing Indian artisans and craftsmen
Social and Religious Causes
- British reforms, such as abolishing sati and promoting Western education, met with suspicion
- Laws allowed Christian missionaries to function freely, leading to fears of Christianization
- Taxation of temple and mosque land, disturbing caste norms
- British treatment of Indians as inferior, leading to resentment and feelings of religious threat
Military Causes
- Indian sepoys' dissatisfaction with pay, allowances, and conditions of service
- Limited promotion opportunities and treatment as inferior by British soldiers
- Changes in the military system, including new rifle cartridges and forced overseas service
- Belief that traveling across the sea led to a loss of religious beliefs
The Sepoy Mutiny
- Causes: new rifle cartridges, forced overseas service, annexation of Awadh, and discontent with British rule
- Mangal Pandey's rebellion in March 1857, sparking the mutiny
- Spread of the mutiny to Meerut, Delhi, and other centers
- Result: decline of the British East India Company and transfer of power to the British Crown
Spread of the Revolt
- Soldiers proclaimed Bahadur Shah Zafar as the Emperor of Hindustan
- Mughal king wrote letters to rulers and chiefs, urging them to form a confederacy
- Revolt spread quickly, with civilians joining rebels under local leaders and chiefs
Regional Leaders and Events
- Delhi: led by Bakht Khan, with other regiments declaring independence
- Kanpur: led by Nana Saheb, with expulsion of British and assistance from Tope and Azimullah
- Lucknow: led by Begum Mahal, with troops and rebellion
Suppression of the Revolt
- British brought in reinforcements, with brutal retaliation
- Delhi captured in September 1857, with Bahadur Shah Zafar's defeat and deportation
- Other rebel leaders, such as Rani Lakshmibai and Tantia Tope, killed or captured
Effects of the Revolt
- British government assurances to rulers, respecting their rights and lands
- Need for a more sensitive and responsive approach to governing India
- Revolt marked the end of the East India Company and the establishment of direct British rule in India
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Description
Understand the reasons behind the Indian uprising against the British rule in 1857, including the political and social factors that led to this historic event.
