The Great Plague and Disease Management
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Questions and Answers

What was a commonly believed cause of diseases like the Great Plague?

  • An imbalance in the Four Humours (correct)
  • Environmental pollutants
  • Genetic predisposition to illness
  • Bacterial infection from contaminated water

Which of the following best describes the difference in government action between the years 1348 and 1665?

  • There was no significant government action in either year.
  • Only national laws were implemented in 1348.
  • Government actions were less effective in 1665 than in 1348.
  • Local councils were more proactive in dealing with outbreaks in 1665. (correct)

What was one of the new treatments attempted during the outbreaks of the Great Plague?

  • Employing advanced surgical techniques
  • Applying medical imaging to diagnose conditions
  • Transferring disease to animals to avoid contagion (correct)
  • Using antibiotics to cure infected individuals

How did knowledge about disease transmission change between the two outbreaks?

<p>Understanding of disease transmission improved significantly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal measures were taken during the Great Plague outbreaks?

<p>Theatres closed and public gatherings were banned. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did apothecaries play during the Great Plague?

<p>They provided herbal remedies for treating diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions was taken to manage the deceased during the plague outbreaks?

<p>Carts collected and buried the dead in mass graves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of the treatment methods for the diseases noted in the content?

<p>Many relied on outdated or traditional practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant discoveries made by Robert Koch in relation to cholera?

<p>He identified the specific microbe that caused cholera. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one method used to prevent the spread of the plague?

<p>People were isolated in a pest house. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory did most doctors in Britain initially believe in before the acceptance of the Germ Theory?

<p>Spontaneous Generation Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Koch's methods contribute to the field of microbiology?

<p>He developed an easier way to grow bacteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did plague doctors wear beak-shaped masks?

<p>To ward off miasma with sweet-smelling herbs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one primary reason for the slow acceptance of the Germ Theory in Britain?

<p>Pasteur's work did not focus on disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of people fasting during the plague?

<p>It was believed to purify the soul. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of William Harvey's work contributed significantly to medical practice?

<p>He established the theory of blood circulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which public health measure was influenced by the contributions of John Snow?

<p>Implementation of the Public Health Act of 1848. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Koch's discoveries have on the treatment and prevention of diseases?

<p>Direct impact on prevention and cure was not immediate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common belief about birds during the plague?

<p>They were thought to spread the disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did studying at Padua influence William Harvey?

<p>He was exposed to advanced medical theories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Joseph Lister play in the context of Germ Theory?

<p>He made connections between microbes and infection control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measure was implemented as part of the Public Health Act of 1848?

<p>Oversight of water supply and waste management. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the influence of Florence Nightingale?

<p>She was influential in improving hospital care. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key influence on John Snow's contributions to public health?

<p>He utilized data on cholera outbreaks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Great Plague vs. Black Death

Comparing treatments and causes of these historical diseases highlights similarities and changes in medical understanding over time, demonstrating how medical knowledge evolved.

Miasma Cause

The most common belief about the cause of disease, including the Great Plague and Black Death, was that it was caused by bad air or miasma.

Four Humours Imbalance

A less common belief about the cause of disease, such as the Great Plague and Black Death, was that it was caused by an imbalance of four vital body fluids.

Disease Transmission

Some people in the past understood that disease could spread from person to person, though this wasn't universally accepted.

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Quarantine

A measure used to isolate people with infectious diseases, limiting the spread.

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Herbal Remedies

One of the common treatments for the Great Plague, consisted of herbal medications, ingested alone or combined by apothecaries

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Public Health Measures 1665

Local councils, ordered by the King, took stronger measures in 1665 to control the Plague, compared to 1348. Actions included closing theaters, banning large gatherings, cleaning streets, and even burning tar to contain the disease.

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Transferencing Disease

The idea in the past that disease could be transferred to something else, commonly birds, in an effort to rid the person or household of the disease.

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Germ Theory of Disease

The idea that microbes cause disease.

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Pasteur's work

Pasteur's research on microbes and decay, though initially focused on food, laid the foundation for the Germ Theory.

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Koch's work

Koch proved microbes caused disease, identifying specific microbes for diseases and developing methods to cultivate and identify them.

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Microbes

Tiny organisms, like bacteria and germs.

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Spontaneous generation theory

Outdated idea that living things can arise from nonliving matter.

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Robert Koch

German scientist who proved microbes caused diseases and developed better ways to study them.

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Louis Pasteur

French scientist who studied and discovered germs related to decay and fermentation process.

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Impact of Germ Theory

While the Germ Theory identified causes, its impact on medical treatments and prevention was slow to be implemented.

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Sweating out the plague

A belief that people could sweat out the plague disease. Sufferers were wrapped in thick blankets and placed by a fire.

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Plague Doctor Costume

Plague doctors wore costumes to prevent them from catching the disease. The masks included sweet-smelling herbs, the cloak was waxed, and the beak was shaped like a bird's.

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Why herbs in the mask?

Sweet-smelling herbs were included in the plague doctor's mask to ward off miasma, the bad air that was believed to cause disease.

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Why was the cloak waxed?

The plague doctor's cloak was waxed so that nothing from the patient could be absorbed into it, preventing them from catching the disease.

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Why was the mask bird-shaped?

The mask was shaped like a bird's beak in the hope that it would cause the plague to leave the patient. Birds were believed to attract disease.

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Fasting and prayers

Days of fasting and public prayers were ordered to try and stop the plague.

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What is miasma?

Miasma is the bad air that was believed to cause disease, including the plague. It was thought to be a poisonous vapor.

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What was the Medical Renaissance?

The Medical Renaissance was a time of great progress in medicine, beginning around the 1500s.

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Study Notes

Revision Guide and Workbook

  • This book is for Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History, specifically Medicine in Britain, c1250-present.
  • It helps students organize revision, summarise information in short chunks, and track progress.
  • It includes worked examples, exam-style practice questions and full answers, in order to help students develop exam techniques.
  • Revision Guides and Workbooks are available for other history topics, such as Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, British America, Conflict in the Middle East, etc.
  • Students can access a free online edition through a registration process on a Pearson website.
  • The resource covers a detailed review of historical periods of medicine.
  • The book is endorsed by the awarding body Pearson.

How to get a Free Online Edition

  • Visit a Pearson website; www.pearsonactivelearn.com/register.asp
  • Enter a specific code.
  • Follow the on-screen instructions for accessing your account if you have one already.
  • This code only works for one person.

Contents

  • The book covers medicine in Britain from 1250 to the present.
  • Material is divided by historical periods, e.g. Middle Ages, Renaissance, 18th/19th Century, Modern Britain.
  • Sub-sections for each period cover topics like, 'Ideas: Supernatural and Religion', 'Rational Explanations for Disease', 'Approaches to Prevention and Treatment' and 'The Work of Physicians'.
  • Topics include, 'The Black Death (1348-9)', 'The Great Plague (1665)', and 'Fighting Cholera'.
  • Information on the development of vaccination, antibiotics and methods of diagnosis
  • Specific content on a relevant case study for the time period, i.e. 'The Western Front' and 'The Trenches'.
  • An introduction to the role and importance of key figures, such as William Harvey, Florence Nightingale and Joseph Lister.
  • The impact of lifestyle factors on disease (i.e. smoking, drinking alcohol, diet), in the modern era.

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Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History of Medicine Revision Guide and Workbook PDF

Description

Explore the historical actions taken during the Great Plague outbreaks in 1348 and 1665, including medical treatments, societal measures, and theories of disease transmission. This quiz covers the evolution of understanding diseases, the role of apothecaries, and significant contributions in microbiology by key figures like Robert Koch.

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