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Questions and Answers
What was a primary consequence of the Glorious Revolution?
What act during William and Mary's reign specifically granted freedom of worship to Protestant dissenters?
Which key event occurred after William of Orange invaded England?
Which legislation required Parliament to meet every three years?
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What was the role of the Bill of Rights in relation to the monarchy?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the Act of Settlement?
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What event prompted William's negotiation with English political factions?
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Who became the joint monarchs after the Glorious Revolution?
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What was the significance of the Act of Union in 1707?
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Which aspect of Queen Anne's reign is highlighted in relation to her personal involvement?
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What outcome did the Treaty of Utrecht achieve in relation to France?
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Which literary figure is best associated with the use of satire during Queen Anne's reign?
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What role did coffee houses play in the cultural life of Queen Anne's reign?
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Which philosophical view was advocated by John Locke during Queen Anne's reign?
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In what ways did the literature of Queen Anne's reign reflect social issues?
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Study Notes
The Glorious Revolution
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James II, a Catholic, angered Protestants by appointing Catholics to influential positions, increasing the chances of a Catholic restoration.
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Concerns intensified with the birth of James II’s Catholic heir, leading to a power vacuum.
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The Whigs and Tories, two major political factions, collaborated with William of Orange, the Protestant husband of James II’s daughter Mary.
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In 1688, William invaded England, forcing James II to flee to France.
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Parliament offered the throne to William and Mary II, establishing a joint monarchy and marking the start of the Glorious Revolution.
Reign of William and Mary
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This revolution shifted the political landscape towards a constitutional monarchy, where the king's powers were limited by Parliament.
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Key Acts:
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The Toleration Act (1689): Granted freedom of worship to Protestant dissenters, excluding Catholics and Unitarians.
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The Bill of Rights (1689): Reinforced citizens' rights mentioned in the Magna Carta and Petition of Right, asserting that the king required parliamentary approval to impose taxes and raise an army.
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The Triennial Act: Mandated that Parliament convene every three years.
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Key Events:
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The Battle of the Boyne (1690): Resulted in William III's victory over James II in Ireland, solidifying Protestant dominance.
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The Act of Settlement (1701): Prohibited Catholics from assuming the throne, leading to Anne, Mary's sister, succeeding William and Mary upon their deaths.
Queen Anne's Reign
- Queen Anne ruled England from 1702-1714.
- She was a popular queen, known for her devout English and Anglican faith.
- Queen Anne actively participated in political debates and made important political decisions.
- She held a seat in the House of Lords.
Key Acts and Treaties
- The Act of Union (1707) united the kingdoms of England and Scotland, creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
- This act established a single Parliament located in Westminster.
- The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) ended the War of the Spanish Succession.
- France recognized the Protestant succession to the English throne under this treaty.
- The Treaty of Utrecht ceded French colonies in Canada to Britain.
- The treaty granted Britain a monopoly on the slave trade with Spanish America, marking the rise of the British Empire.
Writers and Culture
- This period is known for its rich literary output.
- Jonathan Swift, author of “Gulliver’s Travels,” and Daniel Defoe, author of “Robinson Crusoe,” used satire to critique politics and society.
- Alexander Pope, a leading figure of the Augustan Age, was another prominent satirical poet.
- John Locke advocated for liberal thought in philosophy, while George Berkeley influenced intellectual debates of the era.
- Coffee houses became social and intellectual hubs.
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Description
Explore the pivotal events of the Glorious Revolution, including the rise of William and Mary as monarchs and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. Discover key acts like the Toleration Act and the Bill of Rights that shaped the political landscape of England.
