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What did plantation owners understand their freedom to include?
What did plantation owners understand their freedom to include?
The right to enslave African Negroes.
What was the role of the French woman in civilizing African and American Indian slaves?
What was the role of the French woman in civilizing African and American Indian slaves?
She prepared them by giving them European clothes to wear.
When was slavery finally abolished in French colonies?
When was slavery finally abolished in French colonies?
In 1848.
What does the depiction of objects on the ground in the context of the print symbolize?
What does the depiction of objects on the ground in the context of the print symbolize?
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How did revolutionary governments in France aim to change individuals' lives after 1789?
How did revolutionary governments in France aim to change individuals' lives after 1789?
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What message is Arthur Young trying to convey in his observations about social hierarchies in France?
What message is Arthur Young trying to convey in his observations about social hierarchies in France?
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Who does Young refer to when he mentions 'slaves' in his commentary?
Who does Young refer to when he mentions 'slaves' in his commentary?
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Whom is Young criticizing in his writings about the societal structure in 1787?
Whom is Young criticizing in his writings about the societal structure in 1787?
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What specific dangers does Young sense in the socio-political climate of France in 1787?
What specific dangers does Young sense in the socio-political climate of France in 1787?
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How does Georges Danton's experience reflect the limitations of the Old Regime's social structure?
How does Georges Danton's experience reflect the limitations of the Old Regime's social structure?
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What obstacles did Danton face when trying to establish a career after his studies?
What obstacles did Danton face when trying to establish a career after his studies?
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What does Danton's reflection on his education suggest about the relationship between education and opportunity in the Old Regime?
What does Danton's reflection on his education suggest about the relationship between education and opportunity in the Old Regime?
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What was the primary goal of the constitution drafted by the National Assembly in France?
What was the primary goal of the constitution drafted by the National Assembly in France?
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Who were the key leaders advocating for the National Assembly's actions?
Who were the key leaders advocating for the National Assembly's actions?
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What social class did Mirabeau belong to, and how did it influence his views?
What social class did Mirabeau belong to, and how did it influence his views?
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What significant event occurred on July 14 that reflected the unrest in Paris?
What significant event occurred on July 14 that reflected the unrest in Paris?
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What was the impact of the severe winter on the French population at this time?
What was the impact of the severe winter on the French population at this time?
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How did rumors contribute to the actions of the peasants during the Great Fear?
How did rumors contribute to the actions of the peasants during the Great Fear?
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What action did angry crowds, particularly women, take regarding bakeries?
What action did angry crowds, particularly women, take regarding bakeries?
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What might have been David's intention in his portrayal of Bailly at the assembly?
What might have been David's intention in his portrayal of Bailly at the assembly?
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What document did Abbé Sieyès write that became influential during the revolution?
What document did Abbé Sieyès write that became influential during the revolution?
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What was the main function of the National Assembly as per the Constitution of 1791?
What was the main function of the National Assembly as per the Constitution of 1791?
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Who had the right to vote under the Constitution of 1791?
Who had the right to vote under the Constitution of 1791?
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In the political system established by the Constitution of 1791, who elected the National Assembly?
In the political system established by the Constitution of 1791, who elected the National Assembly?
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What percentage of the total population were considered passive citizens under the Constitution of 1791?
What percentage of the total population were considered passive citizens under the Constitution of 1791?
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What were the main groups of citizens defined in the Constitution of 1791?
What were the main groups of citizens defined in the Constitution of 1791?
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What role did the King play in the legislative process according to the Constitution of 1791?
What role did the King play in the legislative process according to the Constitution of 1791?
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How many members were in the National Assembly as established by the Constitution of 1791?
How many members were in the National Assembly as established by the Constitution of 1791?
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What was the total population during the time of the Constitution of 1791?
What was the total population during the time of the Constitution of 1791?
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What were the voting rights of women, children, and youth below 25 years under the Constitution of 1791?
What were the voting rights of women, children, and youth below 25 years under the Constitution of 1791?
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Who were the ministers in the context of the political system under the Constitution of 1791?
Who were the ministers in the context of the political system under the Constitution of 1791?
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What was Olympe de Gouges' main criticism of the Constitution and the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?
What was Olympe de Gouges' main criticism of the Constitution and the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?
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In which year did Olympe de Gouges write the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen?
In which year did Olympe de Gouges write the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen?
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What action did Olympe de Gouges take against the Jacobin government?
What action did Olympe de Gouges take against the Jacobin government?
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What was the outcome of Olympe de Gouges' trial by the National Convention?
What was the outcome of Olympe de Gouges' trial by the National Convention?
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According to Olympe de Gouges, what are the four natural rights mentioned in her Declaration?
According to Olympe de Gouges, what are the four natural rights mentioned in her Declaration?
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How does Olympe de Gouges define the source of all sovereignty?
How does Olympe de Gouges define the source of all sovereignty?
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What does Olympe de Gouges propose about the law in her Declaration?
What does Olympe de Gouges propose about the law in her Declaration?
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What distinction does Olympe de Gouges argue should determine public honors and employment?
What distinction does Olympe de Gouges argue should determine public honors and employment?
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To whom did Olympe de Gouges address her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen?
To whom did Olympe de Gouges address her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen?
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What did Olympe de Gouges advocate for regarding the involvement of female citizens in the law's formulation?
What did Olympe de Gouges advocate for regarding the involvement of female citizens in the law's formulation?
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Study Notes
The French Revolution - Overview
- The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s.
- It resulted in the overthrow of the French monarchy, the abolishment of feudalism, and the establishment of a republic.
French Society Before 1789
- French society was divided into three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners (third estate).
- The first two estates (clergy and nobility) held significant privileges, most importantly exemption from paying taxes.
- The third estate, composed of peasants, merchants, and artisans, bore the tax burden and faced economic hardship.
- Rising bread prices, coupled with government financial crisis, created unrest leading up to revolution.
- The Old Regime, the societal and political system in place prior to the revolution, became increasingly difficult to sustain.
The Struggle to Survive
- The population of France rapidly increased during 1715-1789, increasing the demand for food grains.
- Food production could not keep pace with the demand, leading to price increases and hardship.
- The gap between the rich and the poor widened further, creating social and economic unrest.
- Subsistence crises (food shortages and famines) were common in France during the 18th century, further exacerbating existing economic hardship.
- Drought and hailstorms reduced crop harvests, and this led to widespread scarcity, impacting the ability of the poor to afford bread.
Origins of the Revolution
- The French government faced massive debt from wars, funding the American Revolution, and paying for an elaborate court.
- This led to a series of actions by the French government to increase taxes on the third estate, such as the taille, tithes and indirect taxes levied on basic goods.
- The French government was forced to increase taxes to improve its financial situation.
- Members of the third estate, mainly the educated middle classes, recognized the inequality and demanded change.
- Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity, promoted by various philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau also played a role.
- The financial crisis and inequality resulted in widespread unrest, pushing the country towards revolution.
The Outbreak of the Revolution
- By calling the Estates General in 1789, Louis XVI inadvertently ignited the revolution.
- The Third Estate, frustrated with the voting system, declared itself the National Assembly.
- The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, symbolized the French people's defiance against the monarchy.
- Peasants revolted in the countryside, fearing reprisals from the nobility.
- The National Assembly abolished feudal dues and privileges of the nobility.
- The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, passed by the Assembly, emphasized the rights of all men.
- The French Revolution transformed the social, political, and economic landscape of France and greatly influenced the world.
France Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy
- The National Assembly drafted a constitution in 1791, limiting the monarchy's power.
- This established a constitutional monarchy, separating powers among different branches of government.
France Abolishes the Monarchy and Becomes a Republic
- France became a republic in 1792 after the execution of Louis XVI.
- Political instability and economic hardship led to the rise of the Jacobins, who established the Reign of Terror.
- The Reign of Terror was a period of mass executions of perceived enemies of the revolution.
The Abolition of Slavery
- In 1794, the French abolished slavery in its colonies, a revolutionary act driven by the ideals of equality and human rights, but later reversed.
The Revolution and Everyday Life
- The French Revolution significantly altered French society, leading to changes in laws, institutions, and cultural practices.
- The Revolution led to important changes to everyday life, such as the abolition of censorship and the freedom of speech and expression.
###Did Women Have a Revolution?
- Women were active participants in the French Revolution, participating in demonstrations and advocating for equal rights.
- The Revolution saw the rise of women's political clubs.
The Reign of Terror
- A period of mass executions of those considered enemies of the revolution.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of the French Revolution, exploring its radical social and political changes from 1789 to the late 1790s. It covers the division of French society into three estates and the struggles faced by the commoners. Test your knowledge on the events that led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.
