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Questions and Answers
What primarily fueled the peasant revolts during the crisis of 1789?
Which group was known for organizing the National Guard in response to royal troops in Paris?
What did the 'Great Fear' signify during the revolutionary period?
What was the role of the Paris Commune during the revolution?
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Which of the following accurately describes the political atmosphere in Paris during the crisis?
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What term describes the special privileges that were addressed during the initial meetings of the assembly?
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Which of the following best defines Regalism as described in the context?
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What event did the people feel prompted them to adopt a new viewpoint during the assembly?
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In what context did the assembly conduct its votes on the newly formed document?
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What did the assembly aim to represent by maintaining rights described as 'old haughty structure'?
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What disguise did King Louis wear during the attempted escape from Paris?
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What key change did the Constitution of 1791 bring to the French monarchy?
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What was the reaction of the crowds when Louis was escorted back to Paris?
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Who was eligible to become a lawmaker under the Constitution of 1791?
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What was one of the primary goals of the Constitution of 1791 regarding administrative reforms?
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How did the discovery of Louis's identity affect public perception during the revolution?
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What did many observers interpret from Louis's attempt to escape to the border?
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Which of the following was a significant reform regarding legal rights included in the Constitution of 1791?
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What was the broader impact of the failed escape on the French Revolution?
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Which new body was created under the Constitution of 1791 to handle legislative powers?
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What was the primary reason for the women's march on Versailles on October 5, 1789?
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What significant demand did Olympe de Gouges make in her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen?
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What aspect of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen exemplifies Enlightenment principles?
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Which statement best describes the intent behind the women's cries of 'Let us see the King!' during their march?
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Which principle is emphasized in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen regarding personal liberty?
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What was a primary aim of emphasizing citizenship in the early stages of the French Revolution?
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How did the structure of legislative bodies relate to the authority of the government during the French Revolution?
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What historical transition was highlighted in the discussion surrounding the legislative assemblies?
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What role did citizens play in shaping policy according to the historical context of the French Revolution?
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What was a significant outcome of the reforms initiated by the National Assembly during the French Revolution?
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What significant change did the Constitution of 1791 introduce regarding the powers of the king?
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Which right was NOT granted to citizens under the Constitution of 1791?
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What event led to interventions by Lafayette and the National Guard during the women's march to Versailles?
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What was one of the criticisms aimed at Maria Theresa of Austria during this period?
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What did the marchers hope to achieve by demanding King Louis XVI's return to Paris?
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Study Notes
The French Revolution Begins
- Date: The French Revolution began with the formation of the National Assembly on the night of August 4th.
- Context: The French people were frustrated with the monarchy's control over power and were pushing for new ideas.
- Regalism: Regalism, a system of royal power, was being challenged with people calling for more rights and freedoms.
- Famine: The political crisis in France worsened as the country experienced a terrible famine.
- Peasants: Starving peasants left their homes and moved to towns, increasing unemployment and struggling to afford essential resources.
The “Great Fear”
- Rumors: Rumours spread through villages and towns, creating panic and unrest.
- Attacks: Peasants, feeling desperate and angry, attacked nobles and destroyed records and resources.
- Peasant anger: The attacks demonstrated the growing dissatisfaction with the old social order.
Paris in Arms
- Turmoil: The city of Paris, the centre of the French Revolution, faced a period of unrest and chaos.
- Factions: Different political groups emerged with competing ideas and goals.
- Marquis de Lafayette: A moderate leader and hero of the American Revolution, he led the National Guard.
- National Guard: A middle-class militia organised to protect Paris and support the Revolution.
- Tricolor: This red,white, and blue flag was adopted by the National Guard and later became the French national flag.
- Paris Commune: A radical group that replaced the royalist government in Paris and used protests and violence to advance the revolution.
Absurdism and Revolution
Women March on Versailles
- Motivation: Thousands of women marched to Versailles to protest the lack of food and unfair treatment by the monarchy.
- Number: Around 7,000 women marched 13 miles from Paris to Versailles.
- Chants: The women shouted "Let us see the King!" and directed much of their anger at Queen Marie Antoinette.
Olympe de Gouges
- Declaration: In 1791, Olympe de Gouges wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, demanding equal rights for women.
- Equality: She argued that women should have the same rights as men.
- Oppression: She campaigned for the end of the oppression of women and advocated for women in public roles.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
- Publication: In late August 1789, the National Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
- Equal Rights: The document proclaimed that all male citizens are granted equal rights.
- Freedoms: It declared that no person should be imprisoned without trial or lawful process.
- Enligtenment: The Declaration reflects Enlightenment ideals of liberty, security, and equality.
Constitution of 1791
Key Features
- American Influence: The Constitution was inspired in part by the U.S. Constitution.
- Royal Power: Established a limited monarchy in place of an absolute monarchy.
- Declaration of the Rights of Man: Preceded by the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
Changes Introduced
- Voting Rights: The Constitution gave citizens the right to vote freely.
- Ministerial Elections: Tax-paying male citizens could participate in electing governmental ministers.
- Freedom of Expression: Citizens had the right to speak, publish, and write without government censorship.
Context
- Transformation: The Constitution of 1791 dramatically changed France.
- Legislative Assembly: It raised questions about the power of the new legislative body.
Historical Background
- Maria Theresa of Austria: The text criticized Maria Theresa's marriage to Louis as extravagant and frivolous.
- Compromise: The text called for compromise and understanding between the monarchy and reformers.
- Scandal: The text describes the widespread outrage and hostility toward the royal family, epitomized by the phrase "Death to the Austrian!" shouted by women during the march on Versailles.
- Lafayette's Role: Lafayette and the National Guard calmed the crowds during the march on Versailles.
- Women's Resistance: Women refused to leave Versailles and demanded to return to Paris.
- Return to Paris: The royal family, including the king and his family, travelled to Paris.
- Royal Capture: Back in Paris, Louis and his family were kept at the Tuileries Palace, essentially prisoners for three years.
Discussion Prompt
- The women who marched on Versailles wanted King Louis XVI to return to Paris because they feared that he would escape to other countries and the revolution would fail. They also wanted to express their anger at the monarchy and demand food and justice for their suffering.
The French Revolution Begins
- Governance: The text focused on the transition from monarchy to a more accountable legislative system.
- Citizenship: It emphasized the importance of citizen participation in governance, through voting and representation.
- Government Structure: The text explored the connection between legislative bodies and civic engagement.
- Historical Context: It examined the changes in French society brought about by the revolution.
Additional Insights
- Legislative Achievements: The text covered the National Assembly's role in creating new laws and policies.
- Conclusion: The text highlighted the complex process of citizen engagement in government and how it shaped French governance.
Reform of the National Assembly
- Citizen Participation: The National Assembly allowed citizens to participate in government.
- Legislative Assemblies: The assembly was designed to represent and respond to citizen concerns.
- Historic Significance: The National Assembly marked a shift towards a more responsive and representative system.
### The Constitution of 1791
- National Assembly's Achievement: The National Assembly finalized the creation of a new Constitution.
Key Features
- Limited Monarchy: The constitution replaced the absolute monarchy with a system where the monarch's power was limited.
- Legislative Assembly: The constitution established a new legislative body with the power to make laws, collect taxes, and make decisions on war and peace.
- Electorate: Taxpaying male citizens over the age of 25 were permitted to vote for members of the Legislative Assembly.
Goals
- Efficiency: The Constitution reorganized the structure of France by replacing the provinces with 83 departments.
- Equality: The Constitution abolished old courts and reformed laws to promote equality for all male citizens.
- Church Privileges: The Constitution ended the special privileges held by the Church.
The Royal Family Tries to Escape
- Motivation: The royal family, particularly Marie Antoinette, wanted to escape their captivity and restore their power.
- Escape: In June 1791, King Louis XVI, disguised as a servant, attempted to flee Paris with his family.
- Discovery: Their disguise was revealed when someone recognized the king's face on a coin.
- Return to Paris: The royal family was returned to Paris by soldiers and faced public insults.
- Treason: Louis's escape attempt was perceived as an act of treason against the revolution.
- New Era: The attempted escape marked a new, more radical phase of the French Revolution.
Discussion Prompt
The National Assembly attempted to reform the French government to make it more efficient, representative, and based on the principles of liberty and equality. They achieved this by creating a written constitution, limiting the power of the monarchy, establishing a legislative assembly, and granting voting rights to citizens. The Constitution also abolished old feudal privileges and simplified the administration by creating departments instead of provinces.
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Description
Explore the key events leading to the French Revolution, including the formation of the National Assembly and the socio-economic factors that fueled unrest. Understand the significance of the 'Great Fear' and the responses of the peasants in a time of crisis and famine. This quiz provides an insightful look into these pivotal moments in French history.
